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    Empatía y conducta prosocial
    (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 2025-03-01)
    CERIC GARRIDO, FRANCISCO JOSE  
    ;
    Maria del Carmen Tejada
    En el ámbito de la neurociencia social contemporánea, la percepción de la naturaleza humana abarca un amplio espectro que va desde el egoísmo hasta la bondad innata. Desde esta perspectiva, se introduce la exploración de la conducta prosocial, la cual se fundamenta en la comprensión de cómo los individuos pueden manifestar comportamientos altruistas o colaborativos a lo largo de un continuo que oscila entre la búsqueda de beneficios propios y el deseo innato de ayudar a los demás. La interrelación entre la conducta prosocial y la empatía se convierte en un punto clave de estudio, ya que ambas dimensiones están intrínsecamente conectadas en la forma en que los individuos interactúan y se relacionan en sociedad. Comprender cómo estas dos facetas se entrelazan permite apreciar mejor la complejidad de la naturaleza humana y su influencia en la dinámica social.
      10
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    Jealousy as Predicted by Allocation and Reception of Resources in an Economic Game
    (2024)
    BARBATO EPPLE, MARÍA TERESA  
    ;
    Ana María Fernández
    ;
    RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS  
    ;
    David Buss
    ;
    POLO RODRIGO, PABLO  
    <jats:p> Evidence is abundant that evolution by selection has produced sex differences in the design of adaptations to solve the problems surrounding reproduction. A prime example is the design of human jealousy, which research suggests is triggered by distinct evoking acts that are specific challenges for women and men in their exclusive reproductive bond. It follows that jealousy would be directed toward driving away interlopers who could potentially threaten the bond with the romantic partner or increase mate retention efforts in response to sex-specific threats. To explore this possibility, we use as a methodological innovation an economic game for the evocation of jealousy. With a modified dictator game, we showed men and women in a committed relationship, conditions in which the partner or an intrasexual rival allocates money to (investing condition), or obtains money from (receiving condition), the partner or an opposite sex third party that they recently met. A sample of 56 heterosexual couples ( n = 112) participated in a laboratory setting. Our results show the different scenarios of this dictator game exerted the expected evocation of jealousy (controlling individual differences), with women being more jealous by the partner’s allocation of resources to a rival, and men reporting slightly more jealousy by their partner receiving money from a rival. We discuss the implications of this method to advance the comprehension of the adaptive function of sex differences in jealousy, the use of economic games, and possible modifications to improve the similarity of the game to a real assessment of actual male jealousy. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Scopus© Citations 8  10
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    Scopus© Citations 2  2
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    A sense of community at school and the subjective well‐being of Chilean students
    (2021)
    VILLARROEL GUTIERREZ, ALEJANDRA ELVIRA  
    ;
    ALFARO INZUNZA, JAIME ANDRES  
    ;
    REYES REYES, FERNANDO TEDDY  
    ;
    CARRILLO BESTAGNO, GISELA MARTA OLIVIA  
    ;
    DITZEL LACOA, ANA LORETO  
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p>Understand the degree to which a Sense of Community at School can predict the Life Satisfaction of Chilean students in the fifth and seventh grades. The classroom and school components will be presented separately. The research was designed as a descriptive study using a survey with a probabilistic sample made up of 1959 students (52.6% male and 47.4% female) in the fifth and seventh grades at elementary schools in the cities of Concepción and Santiago in Chile. A multiple linear regression analysis was done using the Multidimensional Scales of School Sense of Community (SOC‐S) and Classroom Sense of Community (SOC‐C) as predictors of life satisfaction measured with the Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS). Multigroup analysis was conducted to make comparisons by sex and grade. The dimension of “sense of belonging and emotional connection” of the SOC‐C and the dimension of “belonging” of the SOC‐S predict life satisfaction for fifth grade students. The additional dimension of “emotional connection” of the SOC‐S scale was included for the seventh‐grade students. The sense that one is part of the school community is a dimension that affects childhood life satisfaction. Its level of contribution varies by age, with the sense of belonging and emotional connection variables being the relevant ones.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 8  1
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    “There Is No (Where a)<i>Face</i>Like Home”: Recognition and Appraisal Responses to Masked Facial<i>Dialects</i>of Emotion in Four Different National Cultures
    (2021)
    Myron Tsikandilakis
    ;
    Zhaoliang Yu
    ;
    Leonie Kausel
    ;
    Gonzalo Boncompte
    ;
    Renzo C. Lanfranco
    <jats:p>The theory of universal emotions suggests that certain emotions such as fear, anger, disgust, sadness, surprise and happiness can be encountered cross-culturally. These emotions are expressed using specific facial movements that enable human communication. More recently, theoretical and empirical models have been used to propose that universal emotions could be expressed via discretely different facial movements in different cultures due to the non-convergent social evolution that takes place in different geographical areas. This has prompted the consideration that own-culture emotional faces have distinct evolutionary important sociobiological value and can be processed automatically, and without conscious awareness. In this paper, we tested this hypothesis using backward masking. We showed, in two different experiments per country of origin, to participants in Britain, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore, backward masked own and other-culture emotional faces. We assessed detection and recognition performance, and self-reports for emotionality and familiarity. We presented thorough cross-cultural experimental evidence that when using Bayesian assessment of non-parametric receiver operating characteristics and hit-versus-miss detection and recognition response analyses, masked faces showing own cultural dialects of emotion were rated higher for emotionality and familiarity compared to other-culture emotional faces and that this effect involved conscious awareness.</jats:p>
      7Scopus© Citations 11
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    Scopus© Citations 8  10
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    Moral Emotions and Their Brain Structural Correlates Across Neurodegenerative Disorders
    (2023)
    Sandra Baez
    ;
    Catalina Trujillo-Llano
    ;
    Leonardo Cruz de Souza
    ;
    Patricia Lillo
    ;
    Gonzalo Forno
    <jats:p>Background: Although social cognition is compromised in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), research on moral emotions and their neural correlates in these populations is scarce. No previous study has explored the utility of moral emotions, compared to and in combination with classical general cognitive state tools, to discriminate bvFTD from AD patients. Objective: To examine self-conscious (guilt and embarrassment) and other-oriented (pity and indignation) moral emotions, their subjective experience, and their structural brain underpinnings in bvFTD (n = 31) and AD (n = 30) patients, compared to healthy controls (n = 37). We also explored the potential utility of moral emotions measures to discriminate bvFTD from AD. Methods: We used a modified version of the Moral Sentiment Task measuring the participants’ accuracy scores and their emotional subjective experiences. Results: bvFTD patients exhibited greater impairments in self-conscious and other-oriented moral emotions as compared with AD patients and healthy controls. Moral emotions combined with general cognitive state tools emerged as useful measures to discriminate bvFTD from AD patients. In bvFTD patients, lower moral emotions scores were associated with lower gray matter volumes in caudate nucleus and inferior and middle temporal gyri. In AD, these scores were associated with lower gray matter volumes in superior and middle frontal gyri, middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule and supramarginal gyrus. Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of moral emotion deficits across neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the potential benefits of integrating this domain into the clinical assessment.</jats:p>
      24Scopus© Citations 3
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    Differences in cortical processing of facial emotions in broader autism phenotype
    (2022)
    SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA  
    ;
    Brice Beffara-Bret
    ;
    Lorena Vargas
    ;
    Francisco Aboitiz
    ;
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    <jats:p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition that affects face perception. Evidence shows that there are differences in face perception associated with the processing of low spatial frequency (LSF) and high spatial frequency (HSF) of visual stimuli between non-symptomatic relatives of individuals with autism (broader autism phenotype, BAP) and typically developing individuals. However, the neural mechanisms involved in these differences are not fully understood. Here we tested whether face-sensitive event related potentials could serve as neuronal markers of differential spatial frequency processing, and whether these potentials could differentiate non-symptomatic parents of children with autism (pASD) from parents of typically developing children (pTD). To this end, we performed electroencephalographic recordings of both groups of parents while they had to recognize emotions of face pictures composed of the same or different emotions (happiness or anger) presented in different spatial frequencies. We found no significant differences in the accuracy between groups but lower amplitude modulation in the Late Positive Potential activity in pASD. Source analysis showed a difference in the right posterior part of the superior temporal region that correlated with ASD symptomatology of the child. These results reveal differences in brain processing of recognition of facial emotion in BAP that could be a precursor of ASD.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 5  2