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    Mapping employment dynamics in public agencies with payroll data: A methodological framework with an application to Chile
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2024-12-31) ;
    Daniel Brieba
    ;
    Floris Vermeulen
    <jats:p>This study introduces a novel, replicable methodology for analyzing employment dynamics within public sector agencies, focusing on turnover and staff longevity. The methodology is designed to be generalizable and applicable to diverse national contexts where detailed administrative data is available. Using payroll data from over 325,000 Chilean civil servants (2006—2020), we apply mixed-effects Cox survival models and linear mixed models to examine patterns of employment stability across state agencies. By incorporating Propensity Score Matching, we further enhance the causal interpretation of turnover changes, especially in post-election years. Finally, we introduce two key metrics—Service Frailty and Relative Turnover Difference—to quantify long-term stability and short-term, post-electoral disruptions. Our findings highlight substantial differences in turnover patterns between regular and post-election years, as well as significant inter-agency heterogeneity in turnover and employee longevity, largely driven by latent agency characteristics. While major covariates like contract type and staff rank account for some variation, much of the disparity stems from agency-specific factors. This framework offers precise, cross-nationally comparable benchmarks for understanding public sector employment dynamics. Additionally, the methodology contributes to the literature by providing transparent and scalable tools for analyzing workforce stability across different contexts.</jats:p>
      1
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    Exploring the Roles of Local Mobility Patterns, Socioeconomic Conditions, and Lockdown Policies in Shaping the Patterns of COVID-19 Spread
    The COVID-19 crisis has shown that we can only prevent the risk of mass contagion through timely, large-scale, coordinated, and decisive actions. This pandemic has also highlighted the critical importance of generating rigorous evidence for decision-making, and actionable insights from data, considering further the intricate web of causes and drivers behind observed patterns of contagion diffusion. Using mobility, socioeconomic, and epidemiological data recorded throughout the pandemic development in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, we seek to understand the observed patterns of contagion. We characterize human mobility patterns during the pandemic through different mobility indices and correlate such patterns with the observed contagion diffusion, providing data-driven models for insights, analysis, and inferences. Through these models, we examine some effects of the late application of mobility restrictions in high-income urban regions that were affected by high contagion rates at the beginning of the pandemic. Using augmented synthesis control methods, we study the consequences of the early lifting of mobility restrictions in low-income sectors connected by public transport to high-risk and high-income communes. The Santiago Metropolitan Region is one of the largest Latin American metropolises with features that are common to large cities. Therefore, it can be used as a relevant case study to unravel complex patterns of the spread of COVID-19.
      11  1Scopus© Citations 9
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    A Tangible User Interface to Facilitate Learning of Trigonometry
    In mathematics education, studies reveal difficulties in the teaching-learning of trigonometry in secondary and higher education, due to the fact that students are not encouraged to achieve a deep conceptual understanding of abstract concepts. Several studies demonstrate that incorporating digital technologies has a positive impact on students’ learning. However, most of the existing technologies do not consider the use of the body and multiple senses. Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) in contrast, can host bodily interactions that have the potential of enhancing learning. Nonetheless, there is a lack of applications of TUIs for trigonometry education. This study consisted in designing and validating a tangible interface for the teaching-learning of basic concepts of trigonometry. The interface hosts a pedagogical experience that privileges exploration through physical manipulation and fosters intuitive and collaborative learning. A Pre-Test was applied to 121 students to determine previous knowledge, yielding a 29.1% performance. After two sessions using the interface, the results of a Post-Test reveal an increase of 37.1%, confirming the educational effectiveness of the interface and the pedagogical experience to facilitate learning of basic concepts of trigonometry.
      1  6Scopus© Citations 23
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    Facilitando el aprendizaje de trigonometría a través de una interfaz tangible
    En educación matemática, estudios evidencian dificultades y desafíos en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de trigonometría en educación secundaria y superior, donde no se estimula al estudiante a obtener un entendimiento conceptual profundo de los conceptos. Considerando su relevancia para diversas disciplinas, es necesario implementar nuevos acercamientos a su enseñanza, donde se privilegie un rol activo del estudiante en su propio aprendizaje. Diversos estudios demuestran que la incorporación de tecnologías digitales influyen positivamente aprendizaje de los alumnos, sin embargo, la mayoría de las tecnologías existentes responden al paradigma de interacción tradicional con un computador, donde no se considera el uso del cuerpo y de los múltiples sentidos. Las Interfaces Tangibles (TUI) en cambio, pueden albergar interacciones corporales, brindando directo tributo a la teoría de la Cognición Corporal. Sin embargo existe un vacío en la aplicación de TUI para la educación de trigonometría. Esta investigación consistió en diseñar y validar una interfaz tangible para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de trigonometría inicial. La interfaz alberga una experiencia de aprendizaje que privilegia la exploración, el uso de la intuición, y fomenta el aprendizaje colaborativo. Se realizó un Pre-Test diagnóstico con 119 estudiantes para determinar conocimientos previos dando un rendimiento promedio de 29.1%. Luego de dos intervenciones con la interfaz propuesta, los resultados de un Post-Test muestran un incremento del rendimiento en un 37.1%, lo que valida la efectividad pedagógica de la interfaz y experiencia pedagógica para el aprendizaje de conceptos básicos de trigonometría.
      7
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    Hiring With a Bias: How Government Ideology Shapes Professional Bureaucratic Composition
    (SAGE Publications, 2024-12-31)
    Daniel Brieba
    ;
    <jats:p> An understudied aspect of patronage practices worldwide is how the ideological leaning of governments shapes the professional composition of the bureaucracy. This article explores this question, aiming to determine whether left-wing and right-wing administrations differ in their preferences for hiring from various academic or professional disciplines. Using Chile as a case study, we leverage a rich individual-level dataset of bureaucrats’ careers, covering nearly 15,000 upper- and upper-middle-level bureaucratic hires from 2010 to 2020 across nearly all central government ministries. Utilizing mixed-effects logistic regression models, we find that left-wing governments substantially increase the hiring of social scientists, while right-wing governments favor economists and elite management professionals. These distinct hiring patterns affect top and upper-middle-ranking positions and are not confined to specific agencies or ministries. These results underscore the significant impact of government ideology on the professional composition of bureaucracies, with potentially substantive impacts on policy design and implementation. </jats:p>
      5Scopus© Citations 4
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      1  4Scopus© Citations 9