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    Water Security and Multi-Sector Trade-Offs Under Climate Change: A Hydro-Economic Model for the Biobío River Basin, Chile
    (World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, 2025-03-29)
    Francisco Fernández Jorquera
    ;
    Esteban Arias Montevechio
    ;
    María Victoria Ferrera Cordero
    ;
    Mauricio Leiva
    ;
    Pablo S. González
    Water availability has been declining in recent years due to climate change. These decreases, in conjunction with rising temperatures and environmental changes, affect the behavior of various stakeholders, increasing the competition among water-consuming sectors to obtain this limited resource. In this study, we perform a hydro-economic model to analyze how the agricultural and residential sectors adapt to diverse climatic, social and regulation changes, using the Biobío basin in southern Chile as the case study. The model quantifies their economic welfare derived from using water as an input for their cropping activities and direct consumption, respectively, while maintaining environmental flows, rural drinking water, and supporting tourism activities. Furthermore, we assess the economic effects of increasing water security for the environment and tourism sectors. Results show that climate change and water security policies will have heterogeneous effects on water-consuming agents across different basin levels — higher-, medium-, and lower-basin levels — with the greatest effects being addressed by the higher-level basin. This heterogeneity is observed not only within the basin levels but also across economic sectors, being the agricultural sector significantly more affected by these policies than the residential sector. We conclude our analysis by suggesting that policymakers should tailor compensation measures to the most affected communities. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  6
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    Jealousy as Predicted by Allocation and Reception of Resources in an Economic Game
    <jats:p> Evidence is abundant that evolution by selection has produced sex differences in the design of adaptations to solve the problems surrounding reproduction. A prime example is the design of human jealousy, which research suggests is triggered by distinct evoking acts that are specific challenges for women and men in their exclusive reproductive bond. It follows that jealousy would be directed toward driving away interlopers who could potentially threaten the bond with the romantic partner or increase mate retention efforts in response to sex-specific threats. To explore this possibility, we use as a methodological innovation an economic game for the evocation of jealousy. With a modified dictator game, we showed men and women in a committed relationship, conditions in which the partner or an intrasexual rival allocates money to (investing condition), or obtains money from (receiving condition), the partner or an opposite sex third party that they recently met. A sample of 56 heterosexual couples ( n = 112) participated in a laboratory setting. Our results show the different scenarios of this dictator game exerted the expected evocation of jealousy (controlling individual differences), with women being more jealous by the partner’s allocation of resources to a rival, and men reporting slightly more jealousy by their partner receiving money from a rival. We discuss the implications of this method to advance the comprehension of the adaptive function of sex differences in jealousy, the use of economic games, and possible modifications to improve the similarity of the game to a real assessment of actual male jealousy. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Scopus© Citations 6  5
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      8Scopus© Citations 44
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    Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the KOOS, JR questionnaire for assessing knee osteoarthritis in Spanish‐speaking patients
    (2023)
    Rodrigo Guiloff
    ;
    Magaly Iñiguez
    ;
    Tomás Prado
    ;
    ;
    Nicolás Olavarría
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>The present study aims to translate, adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR), including a reliability and validity analysis in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>This study conducted a prospective validation study following the six stages of the “Guidelines for the Process of Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of Self‐Report Measures”. Psychometric testing was conducted in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Subjects answered the Spanish KOOS, JR (S‐KOOS, JR) and a validated Spanish Oxford Knee Score (S‐OKS). Retest was conducted at 10 days. Acceptability, floor and ceiling effect, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), reproducibility (mixed‐effect model coefficient [MEMC]) and construct validity (Spearman’s correlation; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.05) were assessed.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Forty‐one patients (mean age: 65.6 ± 5.39; 48.8% female) participated in the study. All patients (100%) answered both scores during the first assessment and 38 (92.7%) during the second assessment. All patient‐reported outcomes measures were answered completely (100%). The S‐KOOS, JR resulted in 100% acceptability when answered. There were no ceiling or floor effects detected. The Cronbach’s α for the S‐KOOS, JR was 0.927 and its MEMC was 0.852 (CI 95% 0.636–1.078). The Spearman’s correlation between the S‐KOOS, JR and the S‐OKS was 0.711 (CI 0.345–0.608; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 0.870 (CI 0.444–0.651; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) for the first and second assessments, respectively.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The S‐KOOS, JR has very high internal consistency and reproducibility, with a high correlation with the S‐OKS; it is a reliable and valid instrument for characterising Spanish‐speaking patients suffering from knee OA.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence</jats:title><jats:p>IV.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 1  1
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    Trajectories of Parental Daily Stress: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study during the COVID-19 Lockdown
    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic was a source of significant stress due to health and safety concerns and measures to control the virus’ spread, such as mobility restrictions. This measure was especially demanding for parents with school aged children, who had to find new work–family balance as their children participate in online education while attempting to work remotely. To evaluate parents’ stress trajectories during the pandemic, we conducted Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) during lockdown for 29 days in 68 families in Santiago, Chile. In addition, we evaluated the role of educational level and income, co-parenting, and number of children in parents’ stress trajectories. Our results showed that during the first weeks of lockdown expected protective factors (i.e., income and co-parental support) were not able to influence parents’ daily stress management. Moreover, parents with higher educational levels reported worse stress adaptation than less educated parents. On the other hand, co-parental conflict was significantly associated with parent’s stress. Our study captured an acute response to COVID-19 related challenges. This study contributes to understanding how parents adjust to stress during adverse circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic.</jats:p>
      18  1Scopus© Citations 2
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    Scopus© Citations 37  1
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    Electroencephalographic response to transient adaptation of vestibular perception
    (2022)
    Josephine I. Cooke
    ;
    Onur Guven
    ;
    ;
    Richard T. Ibitoye
    ;
    Vito E. Pettorossi
      3
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    Priming overconfidence in belief systems reveals negative return on postural control mechanisms
    (2022) ;
    Efstratia Papoutselou
    ;
    Sami Mahmoud
    ;
    Shahvaiz Hussain
    ;
    Constanza Fuentealba Bassaletti
      3Scopus© Citations 9
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    Dissociated motor learning and de-adaptation in patients with functional gait disorders
    (2020)
    Denise Lin
    ;
    ;
    Amy Edwards
    ;
    Akila Sekar
    ;
    Mark J Edwards
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Walking onto a stationary platform that had been previously experienced as moving generates a locomotor after-effect—the so-called ‘broken escalator’ phenomenon. The motor responses that occur during locomotor after-effects have been mapped theoretically using a hierarchal Bayesian model of brain function that takes into account current sensory information that is weighted according to prior contextually-relevant experiences; these in turn inform automatic motor responses. Here, we use the broken escalator phenomenon to explore motor learning in patients with functional gait disorders and probe whether abnormal postural mechanisms override ascending sensory information and conscious intention, leading to maladaptive and disabling gait abnormalities. Fourteen patients with functional gait disorders and 17 healthy control subjects walked onto a stationary sled (‘Before’ condition, five trials), then onto a moving sled (‘Moving’ condition, 10 trials) and then again onto the stationary sled (‘After’ condition, five trials). Subjects were warned of the change in conditions. Kinematic gait measures (trunk displacement, step timing, gait velocity), EMG responses, and subjective measures of state anxiety/instability were recorded per trial. Patients had slower gait velocities in the Before trials (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but were able to increase this to accommodate the moving sled, with similar learning curves to control subjects (P = 0.87). Although trunk and gait velocity locomotor after-effects were present in both groups, there was a persistence of the locomotor after-effect only in patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05). We observed an increase in gait velocity during After trials towards normal values in the patient group. Instability and state anxiety were greater in patients than controls (P &amp;lt; 0.05) only during explicit phases (Before/After) of the task. Mean ‘final’ gait termination EMG activity (right gastrocnemius) was greater in the patient group than controls. Despite a dysfunctional locomotor system, patients show normal adaptive learning. The process of de-adaptation, however, is prolonged in patients indicating a tendency to perpetuate learned motor programmes. The trend to normalization of gait velocity following a period of implicit motor learning has implications for gait rehabilitation potential in patients with functional gait disorders and related disorders (e.g. fear of falling).</jats:p>
      20Scopus© Citations 24