LEPPE ZAMORA, JAIME ESTEBAN

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LEPPE ZAMORA, JAIME ESTEBAN
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jleppe@udd.cl
ORCID
0000-0002-8663-1182
Scopus Author ID
56875386300
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    Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity—GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys
    (2023)
    Andrea Ramírez Varela
    ;
    Pedro C. Hallal
    ;
    Juliana Mejía Grueso
    ;
    Željko Pedišić
    ;
    Deborah Salvo
    <jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Background</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion</jats:bold>:</jats:italic> Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.</jats:p>
      1  2Scopus© Citations 46
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    Scopus© Citations 38  1
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    Exploring contextual factors for management and prevention of running-related injuries: runners and experts’ perspectives
    (BMJ, 2025-04)
    BESOMI MOLINA, MANUELA  
    ;
    Roa-alcaino Sonia
    ;
    Ángela Lombardi
    ;
    Rocío Vélez-Rivera
    ;
    LEPPE ZAMORA, JAIME ESTEBAN  
    Running is one of the most accessible and popular physical activities worldwide; however, injuries are the main barrier to sustaining running practice. While quantitative studies have explored prevalence and risk factors, a critical gap exists in understanding subjective experiences, perceptions and contextual influences on injury management and prevention. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of runners and experts regarding injury perception, management and prevention, as well as the contextual influence of these processes. Using a secondary data analysis approach, this study drew from qualitative semistructured interviews with Chilean runners (n=15) and running experts (n=6). Thematic analysis, guided by an interpretivist approach, uncovered intrinsic factors (identity, motivation, stress and self-learning) and extrinsic factors (environment, information sources, marketing, peer advice, professional guidance, racing, stereotype and clothing) that shaped runners’ behaviours. Less experienced runners associated injury risk with asphalt surfaces, faced challenges in discerning online information reliability and found motivation in peer advice. Experts emphasised the multifactorial nature of running-related injuries, including previous injuries and training-related factors. Both groups acknowledged a global tendency among runners to resist rest when discomfort arose. This research contributed to a nuanced understanding of injury perception, management and prevention, bridging scientific knowledge with individual experiences. Clinicians may use this information to enhance the therapy alliance and set realistic expectations about the runner’s rehabilitation process.
      1Scopus© Citations 3
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    Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Health of Workers in Chile According to the National Health Survey-2017
    (MDPI AG, 2025-03-20)
    LEPPE ZAMORA, JAIME ESTEBAN  
    ;
    Marco Leppe Zamora
    ;
    Sonia Roa-Alcaino
    ;
    Olga Lucía Sarmiento
    Background/Objectives: Sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) are key determinants of health in occupational settings. This study aimed to analyze the levels of SB, PA, and their associations with health outcomes among Chilean workers using data from the National Health Survey-2017. Methods: A secondary analysis of 2042 workers aged ≥18 years was conducted. Occupations were classified using ISCO-08, and SB/PA were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Health outcomes included musculoskeletal symptoms, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Results: Of the participants, 49.8% were women, and the mean age was 45 years (±13.7). The median SB was 120 min/day, with 32.6% accumulating ≥4 h/day. “Managers” exhibited the highest SB (median: 270 min/day). The median total PA was 123 min/day, and “Skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers” reported the highest PA (median: 330 min/day). The SB (≥4 h/day) was significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21–2.14) and hypertension (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07–2.18). PA showed no significant protective effect. Conclusions: SB and PA vary significantly across occupational groups. SB is associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. Health promotion programs should be tailored to specific occupational groups.
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    Uninterrupted Actigraphy Recording to Quantify Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Mechanically Ventilated Adults
    (2022)
    Felipe González-Seguel
    ;
    Agustín Camus-Molina
    ;
    Macarena Leiva-Corvalán
    ;
    Kirby P. Mayer
    ;
    LEPPE ZAMORA, JAIME ESTEBAN  
    <jats:sec> <jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title> <jats:p>We evaluated the feasibility of quantification of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) using actigraphy during an entire intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>A prospective study was performed in a 12-bed ICU. Triaxial accelerometers were fitted on the right ankle of mechanically ventilated adults. Twenty accelerometers were available to guarantee uninterrupted actigraphy recording 24 hours/day. Data were analyzed: (1) between awakening and ICU discharge to quantify daytime PA/SB and (2) between admission and ICU discharge to quantify day/nighttime inactivity. Secondarily, we assessed the relationship between inactivity/SB and clinical variables.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>Thirty patients were enrolled, obtaining 5477 recording hours. No patient reported discomfort or injury. The median (min-max) delay time between admission and accelerometer installation was 2.1 (0.0-11.9) hours. Actigraphy recording duration was 5.4 (2.2-34.4) days. The time spent in SB and PA (percentage of minutes per hour) was 94.7% and 5.3%, respectively. PA was stratified by light, moderate, and vigorous levels equating to 91.8%, 7.7%, and 0.5%, respectively. Inactivity time (<jats:italic toggle="yes">r</jats:italic> = 0.991, <jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> ≤ .001) and SB (<jats:italic toggle="yes">r</jats:italic> = 0.859, <jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> ≤ .001) were strongly correlated with ICU length of stay.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title> <jats:p>Quantifying PA levels with continuous monitoring through actigraphy is feasible, demonstrating prolonged periods of inactivity/SB. This study highlights that uninterrupted actigraphy could contribute to pursuing the optimal dose and the intervention fidelity of the ICU mobilization in the subsequent clinical trials.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
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    The South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network (SAPASEN)
    (2019)
    André O. Werneck
    ;
    Se-Sergio Baldew
    ;
    J. Jaime Miranda
    ;
    Óscar Incarbone
    ;
    Danilo R. Silva
    <jats:p> The present article describes the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network, which was designed to provide ongoing transnational empirical evidence about physical activity and sedentary behavior in South America. The first goal of this initiative was to form a representative body of researchers and policy makers from all South American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela) to establish priorities and targets for the short, medium and long term. Examples are given of connecting physical activity and sedentary data from existing surveys in several of the partner countries. The main objective of the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network will be to impact policies on physical activity and sedentary behavior in South America according to the singularities of each country or region. By encouraging an inclusive and collaborative effort, we expect that the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network will support the connection between researchers from South America as well as provide a better comprehension of the epidemiology of physical activity and sedentary behavior regionally. </jats:p>
      10Scopus© Citations 9