Are girls and boys with autism different? Searching symptomatological and cerebral features in a sequential study in children.

Project Title

Partner Organisations

Facultad de Gobierno

Internal ID

11230607

Principal Investigator

SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA

Type

basic research

Status

TERMINADO

Start Date

2023

End Date

2026

Publications

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

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Applied human neuroscience: Fostering and designing inclusive environments with the 3E‐Cognition perspective
(2024)
Francisco J. Parada
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Aitana Grasso‐Cladera
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Alejandra Rossi
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SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA
;
Maritza Arenas‐Pérez
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The conventional medical paradigm often focuses on deficits and impairments, failing to capture the rich tapestry of experiences and abilities inherent in neurodiversity conditions. In this article, we introduce the 3E‐Cognition perspective, offering a paradigm shift by emphasizing the dynamic interplay between the brain, body, and environment in shaping cognitive processes. The perspective fosters a more inclusive and supportive understanding of neurodiversity, with potential applications across various domains such as education, workplace, and healthcare. We begin by introducing the 3E‐Cognition principles: <jats:italic>embodied</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>environmentally scaffolded</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>enactive</jats:italic>. Then, we explore how the 3E‐Cognition perspective can be applied to create inclusive environments and experiences for neurodiverse individuals. We provide examples in the realms of education, workplace, and healthcare. In all of these domains, spaces, methodologies, epistemologies, and roles that cater to diverse needs and strengths can be designed using the 3E principles. Finally, we discuss the challenges and benefits of implementing the 3E‐Cognition perspective. We focus on the need for technological advancements and research in complex real‐world scenarios; we suggest mobile brain/body imaging is a possible solution. We furthermore highlight the importance of recognizing and valuing the diverse manners of experiencing and interacting with the world, the promotion of diverse well‐being, and the facilitation of innovation and creativity. Thus, we conclude that the 3E‐Cognition perspective offers a groundbreaking approach to understanding and supporting neurodiversity: by embracing the inherent interconnectedness of the brain, body, and environment, we can create a more inclusive and supportive world.</jats:p>
19Scopus© Citations 4
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Oscillatory activity underlying cognitive performance in children and adolescents with autism: a systematic review
(2024)
SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA
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Patricio Soto-Fernández
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Leonie Kausel
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MÁRQUEZ RODRÍGUEZ, VÍCTOR JULIO
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CARVAJAL PAREDES, PATRICIO ALEJANDRO
<jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that exhibits a widely heterogeneous range of social and cognitive symptoms. This feature has challenged a broad comprehension of this neurodevelopmental disorder and therapeutic efforts to address its difficulties. Current therapeutic strategies have focused primarily on treating behavioral symptoms rather than on brain psychophysiology. During the past years, the emergence of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) has opened alternatives to the design of potential combined treatments focused on the neurophysiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders like ASD. Such interventions require identifying the key brain mechanisms underlying the symptomatology and cognitive features. Evidence has shown alterations in oscillatory features of the neural ensembles associated with cognitive functions in ASD. In this line, we elaborated a systematic revision of the evidence of alterations in brain oscillations that underlie key cognitive processes that have been shown to be affected in ASD during childhood and adolescence, namely, social cognition, attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. This knowledge could contribute to developing therapies based on NIBS to improve these processes in populations with ASD.</jats:p>
9Scopus© Citations 11
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Theta and alpha oscillations may underlie improved attention and working memory in musically trained children
(2024)
F. Zamorano
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Leonie Kausel
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BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO
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M. E. Sutherland
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M. I. Alliende
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction</jats:bold>: Attention and working memory are key cognitive functions that allow us to select and maintain information in our mind for a short time, being essential for our daily life and, in particular, for learning and academic performance. It has been shown that musical training can improve working memory performance, but it is still unclear if and how the neural mechanisms of working memory and particularly attention are implicated in this process. In this work, we aimed to identify the oscillatory signature of bimodal attention and working memory that contributes to improved working memory in musically trained children.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods</jats:bold>: We recruited children with and without musical training and asked them to complete a bimodal (auditory/visual) attention and working memory task, whereas their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography. Behavioral, time–frequency, and source reconstruction analyses were made.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results</jats:bold>: Results showed that, overall, musically trained children performed better on the task than children without musical training. When comparing musically trained children with children without musical training, we found modulations in the alpha band pre‐stimuli onset and the beginning of stimuli onset in the frontal and parietal regions. These correlated with correct responses to the attended modality. Moreover, during the end phase of stimuli presentation, we found modulations correlating with correct responses independent of attention condition in the theta and alpha bands, in the left frontal and right parietal regions.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions</jats:bold>: These results suggest that musically trained children have improved neuronal mechanisms for both attention allocation and memory encoding. Our results can be important for developing interventions for people with attention and working memory difficulties.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 2 9
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Another in need enhances prosociality and modulates frontal theta oscillations in young adults
(2023)
Claudio Lavín
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SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA
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Vladimir López
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BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO
Decision-making is a process that can be strongly affected by social factors. Evidence has shown how people deviate from traditional rational-choice predictions under different levels of social interactions. The emergence of prosocial decision-making, defined as any action that is addressed to benefit another individual even at the expense of personal benefits, has been reported as an example of such social influence. Furthermore, brain evidence has shown the involvement of structures such as the prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and midcingulate cortex during decision settings in which a decision maker interacts with others under physical pain or distress or while being observed by others.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Using a slightly modified version of the dictator game and EEG recordings, we tested the hypothesis that the inclusion of another person into the decision setting increases prosocial decisions in young adults and that this increase is higher when the other person is associated with others in need. At the brain level, we hypothesized that the increase in prosocial decisions correlates with frontal theta activity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that including another person in the decision, setting increased prosocial behavior only when this presence was associated with someone in need. This effect was associated with an increase in frontocentral theta-oscillatory activity. These results suggest that the presence of someone in need enhances empathy concerns and norm compliance, raising the participants’ prosocial decision-making.
Scopus© Citations 8 1
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Patients recovering from COVID-19 who presented with anosmia during their acute episode have behavioral, functional, and structural brain alterations
(2024)
Leonie Kausel
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FIGUEROA VARGAS, ALEJANDRA MABEL
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José Zamorano-abramson
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STECHER GUZMAN, XIMENA PATRICIA
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Mauricio Aspé-Sánchez
Scopus© Citations 7 7
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The parietal cortex has a causal role in ambiguity computations in humans
(2024)
Gabriela Valdebenito-Oyarzo
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María Paz Martínez-Molina
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SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA
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Zamorano, Francisco
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César Salinas
<jats:p>Humans often face the challenge of making decisions between ambiguous options. The level of ambiguity in decision-making has been linked to activity in the parietal cortex, but its exact computational role remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that the parietal cortex plays a causal role in computing ambiguous probabilities, we conducted consecutive fMRI and TMS-EEG studies. We found that participants assigned unknown probabilities to objective probabilities, elevating the uncertainty of their decisions. Parietal cortex activity correlated with the objective degree of ambiguity and with a process that underestimates the uncertainty during decision-making. Conversely, the midcingulate cortex (MCC) encodes prediction errors and increases its connectivity with the parietal cortex during outcome processing. Disruption of the parietal activity increased the uncertainty evaluation of the options, decreasing cingulate cortex oscillations during outcome evaluation and lateral frontal oscillations related to value ambiguous probability. These results provide evidence for a causal role of the parietal cortex in computing uncertainty during ambiguous decisions made by humans.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 18 11

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