Project Title
Modulación del control cognitivo proactivo a través del entrenamiento oscilatorio prefrontal
Partner Organisations
Internal ID
1181295
Principal Investigator
Type
basic research
Investigators
Zamorano Mendieta, Francisco

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    Frontoparietal connectivity correlates with working memory performance in multiple sclerosis
    (2020)
    FIGUEROA VARGAS, ALEJANDRA MABEL  
    ;
    Claudia Cárcamo
    ;
    Rodrigo Henríquez-Ch
    ;
    ZAMORANO, FRANCISCO
    ;
    Ethel Ciampi
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Working Memory (WM) impairment is the most common cognitive deficit of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, evidence of its neurobiological mechanisms is scarce. Here we recorded electroencephalographic activity of twenty patients with relapsing-remitting MS and minimal cognitive deficit, and 20 healthy control (HC) subjects while they solved a WM task. In spite of similar performance, the HC group demonstrated both a correlation between temporoparietal theta activity and memory load, and a correlation between medial frontal theta activity and successful memory performances. MS patients did not show theses correlations leading significant differences between groups. Moreover, cortical connectivity analyses using granger causality and phase-amplitude coupling between theta and gamma revealed that HC group, but not MS group, presented a load-modulated progression of the frontal-to-parietal connectivity. This connectivity correlated with working memory capacity in MS groups. This early alterations in the oscillatory dynamics underlaying working memory could be useful for plan therapeutic interventions.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 22  3
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    Scopus© Citations 13  2
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    Scopus© Citations 29  2
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    Differences in cortical processing of facial emotions in broader autism phenotype
    (2022)
    SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA  
    ;
    Brice Beffara-Bret
    ;
    Lorena Vargas
    ;
    Francisco Aboitiz
    ;
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    <jats:p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition that affects face perception. Evidence shows that there are differences in face perception associated with the processing of low spatial frequency (LSF) and high spatial frequency (HSF) of visual stimuli between non-symptomatic relatives of individuals with autism (broader autism phenotype, BAP) and typically developing individuals. However, the neural mechanisms involved in these differences are not fully understood. Here we tested whether face-sensitive event related potentials could serve as neuronal markers of differential spatial frequency processing, and whether these potentials could differentiate non-symptomatic parents of children with autism (pASD) from parents of typically developing children (pTD). To this end, we performed electroencephalographic recordings of both groups of parents while they had to recognize emotions of face pictures composed of the same or different emotions (happiness or anger) presented in different spatial frequencies. We found no significant differences in the accuracy between groups but lower amplitude modulation in the Late Positive Potential activity in pASD. Source analysis showed a difference in the right posterior part of the superior temporal region that correlated with ASD symptomatology of the child. These results reveal differences in brain processing of recognition of facial emotion in BAP that could be a precursor of ASD.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 5  2
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    Scopus© Citations 3  8
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    Scopus© Citations 11  2
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    The parietal cortex has a causal role in ambiguity computations in humans
    (2024)
    Gabriela Valdebenito-Oyarzo  
    ;
    María Paz Martínez-Molina
    ;
    SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA  
    ;
    Zamorano, Francisco
    ;
    César Salinas
    <jats:p>Humans often face the challenge of making decisions between ambiguous options. The level of ambiguity in decision-making has been linked to activity in the parietal cortex, but its exact computational role remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that the parietal cortex plays a causal role in computing ambiguous probabilities, we conducted consecutive fMRI and TMS-EEG studies. We found that participants assigned unknown probabilities to objective probabilities, elevating the uncertainty of their decisions. Parietal cortex activity correlated with the objective degree of ambiguity and with a process that underestimates the uncertainty during decision-making. Conversely, the midcingulate cortex (MCC) encodes prediction errors and increases its connectivity with the parietal cortex during outcome processing. Disruption of the parietal activity increased the uncertainty evaluation of the options, decreasing cingulate cortex oscillations during outcome evaluation and lateral frontal oscillations related to value ambiguous probability. These results provide evidence for a causal role of the parietal cortex in computing uncertainty during ambiguous decisions made by humans.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 18  11
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    Late Frontal Negativity Discriminates Outcomes and Intentions in Trust-Repayment Behavior
    (2020)
    ASPÉ SÁNCHEZ, MAURICIO ALEJANDRO  
    ;
    Paola Mengotti
    ;
    Raffaella Rumiati
    ;
    RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS  
    ;
    John Ewer
    <jats:p>Altruism (a costly action that benefits others) and reciprocity (the repayment of acts in kind) differ in that the former expresses preferences about the outcome of a social interaction, whereas the latter requires, in addition, ascribing intentions to others. Interestingly, an individual’s behavior and neurophysiological activity under outcome- versus intention-based interactions has not been compared directly using different endowments in the same subject and during the same session. Here, we used a mixed version of the Dictator and the Investment games, together with electroencephalography, to uncover a subject’s behavior and brain activity when challenged with endowments of different sizes in contexts that call for an altruistic (outcome-based) versus a reciprocal (intention-based) response. We found that subjects displayed positive or negative reciprocity (reciprocal responses greater or smaller than that for altruism, respectively) depending on the amount of trust they received. Furthermore, a subject’s late frontal negativity differed between conditions, predicting responses to trust in intentions-based trials. Finally, brain regions related with mentalizing and cognitive control were the cortical sources of this activity. Thus, our work disentangles the behavioral components present in the repayment of trust, and sheds light on the neural activity underlying the integration of outcomes and perceived intentions in human economic interactions.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 3  2