LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA

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LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA
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ORCID
0000-0001-6038-2483
Scopus Author ID
57196281837, 57195301664
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      12ScopusĀ© Citations 1
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    ScopusĀ© Citations 13  2
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    Theta and alpha oscillations may underlie improved attention and working memory in musically trained children
    (2024)
    F. Zamorano
    ;
    Leonie Kausel
    ;
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    ;
    M. E. Sutherland
    ;
    M. I. Alliende
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction</jats:bold>: Attention and working memory are key cognitive functions that allow us to select and maintain information in our mind for a short time, being essential for our daily life and, in particular, for learning and academic performance. It has been shown that musical training can improve working memory performance, but it is still unclear if and how the neural mechanisms of working memory and particularly attention are implicated in this process. In this work, we aimed to identify the oscillatory signature of bimodal attention and working memory that contributes to improved working memory in musically trained children.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods</jats:bold>: We recruited children with and without musical training and asked them to complete a bimodal (auditory/visual) attention and working memory task, whereas their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography. Behavioral, timeā€“frequency, and source reconstruction analyses were made.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results</jats:bold>: Results showed that, overall, musically trained children performed better on the task than children without musical training. When comparing musically trained children with children without musical training, we found modulations in the alpha band preā€stimuli onset and the beginning of stimuli onset in the frontal and parietal regions. These correlated with correct responses to the attended modality. Moreover, during the end phase of stimuli presentation, we found modulations correlating with correct responses independent of attention condition in the theta and alpha bands, in the left frontal and right parietal regions.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions</jats:bold>: These results suggest that musically trained children have improved neuronal mechanisms for both attention allocation and memory encoding. Our results can be important for developing interventions for people with attention and working memory difficulties.</jats:p>
    ScopusĀ© Citations 2  9
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    Theta and Alpha Oscillation Impairments in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Reflect Working Memory Deficit
    (2017)
    LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA  
    ;
    ZAMORANO M, FRANCISCO JAVIER
    ;
    Patricia Soto Icaza
    ;
    Ximena Carrasco
    ;
    Claudia Herrera
    A dysfunction in the excitatoryā€“inhibitory (E/I) coordination in neuronal assembly has been proposed as a possible neurobiological mechanism of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the potential impact of this mechanism in cognitive performance is not fully explored. Since the main consequence of E/I dysfunction is an impairment in oscillatory activity and its underlying cognitive computations, we assessed the electroencephalographic activity of ASD and typically developing (TD) subjects during a working-memory task. We found that ASD subjects committed more errors than TD subjects. Moreover, TD subjects demonstrated a parametric modulation in the power of alpha and theta band while ASD subjects did not demonstrate significant modulations. The preceding leads to significant differences between the groups in both the alpha power placed on the occipital cortex and the theta power placed on the left premotor and the right prefrontal cortex. The impaired theta modulation correlated with autistic symptoms. The results indicated that ASD may present an alteration in the recruitment of the oscillatory activity during working-memory, and this alteration could be related to the physiopathology of the disorder.
    ScopusĀ© Citations 51  7
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    Autistic and neurotypical variance in the appraisal of emotional and interoceptive words
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2025-11-12)
    Felipe von Hausen
    ;
    LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA  
    ;
    Benjamin Carcamo
    ;
    Natalia Salgado-Obregon
    <jats:sec> <jats:title>Introduction</jats:title> <jats:p>This study investigates how neurotype influences the emotional appraisal of words.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>A total of 131 Spanish-speaking adults in Chile (63 autistic and 68 neurotypical) rated on a 7-point Likert scale 238 Spanish nouns across six affective dimensions: (a) valence, (b) arousal, (c) subjective frequency, (d) association with depression, (e) association with anxiety, and (f) association with anger. Descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis were used to identify differences in lexical-affective ratings.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p> The results revealed consistent group differences in the emotional interpretation of words. Autistic participants tended to assign higher ratings to emotionally intense, concrete, and interoceptively salient terms, particularly those linked to bodily sensations, anxiety, or arousal. Words such as <jats:italic>inquietud</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>uneasiness</jats:italic> ), <jats:italic>ducha</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>shower</jats:italic> ), and <jats:italic>ansia</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>craving</jats:italic> ) were rated as systematically more emotionally charged by autistic participants. In contrast, neurotypical participants favored abstract, socially embedded terms like <jats:italic>admiraciĆ³n</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>admiration</jats:italic> ), <jats:italic>soledad</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>loneliness</jats:italic> ), and <jats:italic>decepciĆ³n</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>disappointment</jats:italic> ), which rely more heavily on symbolic inference and social scripts. These differences were especially marked in the anxiety and arousal dimensions. Modeling results further confirmed that neurotype predicted systematic variation in ratings across all dimensions, suggesting distinct cognitive-emotional frameworks. </jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Discussion</jats:title> <jats:p>The findings support the hypothesis that autistic and neurotypical individuals construct emotional meaning through different experiential systems: one grounded in interoception and perceptual salience, and the other guided by social abstraction. These insights offer implications for inclusive pedagogy, clinical communication, and the design of affective tools in education and therapy. Recognizing neurotype-specific emotional semantics may help reduce miscommunication and foster more adaptive and respectful forms of interaction across neurodivergent and neurotypical populations.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    ScopusĀ© Citations 2  6
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    Perceptions of Quality of Life Among Informal Caregivers of Autistic Children and Adolescents in Chile: A Qualitative Study
    (Wiley, 2026-06-18)
    Palma Contreras, Andrea MarĆ­a
    ;
    del Carmen GutiƩrrez Concha, Deise
    ;
    Decap, Javiera Rocƭo JarabrƔn
    ;
    von Hausen, Felipe
    ;
    LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA  
      1
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    Clima Sexista y VulneraciĆ³n de Derechos Laborales en AcadĆ©micos: Un Estudio Mixto en dos Regiones de Chile
    (Hipatia Press, 2025-10-24)
    BƔrbara Farƭas-Fritz
    ;
    Andrea MarĆ­a Palma-Contreras
    ;
    Marilyn San Martƭn-CofrƩ
    ;
    LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA  
    ;
    Ɓngel Roco-Videla
    <jats:p>Este estudio mixto examina la relaciĆ³n entre el clima sexista y la vulneraciĆ³n de derechos laborales en universidades de las regiones del BiobĆ­o y Ƒuble en Chile. A partir de una muestra no probabilĆ­stica de 334 acadĆ©micos/as, se identificĆ³ que un 25,7% percibe un clima sexista, siendo significativamente mayor en mujeres (40,3%) que en hombres (14,1%). Asimismo, un 23,7% reportĆ³ haber sufrido vulneraciones de derechos laborales, prevaleciendo tambiĆ©n entre las mujeres. El anĆ”lisis bivariado revelĆ³ una asociaciĆ³n estadĆ­sticamente significativa entre la percepciĆ³n de clima sexista y la experiencia de vulneraciĆ³n de derechos (46,5% vs. 15,7%). La fase cualitativa identificĆ³ diversas formas de vulneraciĆ³n, tales como incumplimiento de condiciones laborales, acoso, violencia de estudiantes y discriminaciĆ³n por embarazo. Estos hallazgos evidencian un entorno laboral desigual y precarizado, que afecta especialmente a mujeres y disidencias de gĆ©nero, perpetuando barreras estructurales en el Ć”mbito acadĆ©mico. Se concluye que es urgente implementar polĆ­ticas institucionales orientadas a erradicar el sexismo y garantizar condiciones laborales equitativas, promoviendo una academia mĆ”s inclusiva, justa y sostenible.</jats:p>
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