HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD

Preferred name
HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD
Main Affiliation
Email
mhirmas@udd.cl
ORCID
0000-0002-0959-0946
Scopus Author ID
55970929600
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    Ultra‐Processed Foods and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Children
    (Wiley, 2025-09)
    Camila Awad
    ;
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
    ;
    HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD  
    ;
    Verónica Iglesias
    ;
    María Pía Muñoz
    Diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPF) have been associated with negative health outcomes in adults; however, UPF's impact on children's health and their underlying mechanisms remain underexplored, despite the rising prevalence of their intake in younger populations. We aimed to investigate the association between UPF intake and systemic inflammation in primary school children. This study included 450 children aged 7-10 years participating in a birth cohort in Arica, Chile (2023). Using the NOVA food classification system, we calculated the intake of UPF (expressed in %kcal) from a 44-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The associations between UPF intake (exposure) and an array of cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL1 beta, TNF-alpha) were assessed using multiple linear regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates. The mean (SD) UPF intake was 29% (10.5%) of the total energy intake. Some of the associations appeared non-linear; therefore, participants were grouped into tertiles of UPF intake. In adjusted models, a suggestive trend across tertiles was observed for IL-1 beta (trend p-value 0.01). Stratified analyses by age suggested an association between UPF intake and IL-6 in older children (>= 9 years) only (p-value for interaction = 0.02). We found potential associations between UPF intake and cytokine levels in school-aged children. These results may suggest inflammation as a mechanism underlying the adverse health consequences of UPF consumption in children.
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    Seroprevalence and estimation of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults residing in Long-term Care Facilities in Chile
    (2022)
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA  
    ;
    Jorge Browne
    ;
    MATUTE WILLEMSEM, MARIA ISABEL  
    ;
    HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD  
    ;
    Cedric Little
    <jats:p>Introducción Las personas mayores tienen más riesgo de enfermar gravemente y fallecer por COVID-19. Esta vulnerabilidad aumenta en quienes viven en establecimientos de larga estadía, debido a hacinamiento, mayor dependencia física y contacto con los trabajadores. La evidencia sobre el impacto de la pandemia de estos establecimientos en países de medianos y bajos ingresos ha sido escasa. El objetivo es determinar la seroprevalencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en personas mayores que residen en establecimientos de larga estadía. Así como estimar el impacto global de la infección después de la primera ola de la pandemia. Métodos Diseño transversal con 2099 residentes en tres regiones de Chile, realizado entre septiembre y noviembre 2020. Anticuerpos fueron medidos con test rápido contra SARS-CoV-2. Se estimó el impacto de la infección con los residentes seropositivos, los residentes con antecedentes de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa positiva, y residentes que murieron por COVID-19. Análisis bivariado entre el resultado serológico y región, sexo, edad, antecedentes de COVID-19 y dependencia física fueron realizados. Además, realizamos un análisis de correlación entre la seroprevalencia de los centros por municipio y la tasa acumulada de casos confirmados. Resultados La seroprevalencia de anticuerpos en las tres regiones fue 14,7% (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 13,2 a 16,3%). El impacto real de la infección se estimó en 46,4% y la tasa de letalidad en 19,6%. La seroprevalencia de los residentes de los centros por comuna se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con la frecuencia de la enfermedad a nivel comunal. Conclusiones Seroprevalencia superior a la de la población general, observándose un alto impacto de la infección por COVID-19 al final de la primera ola de la pandemia. El lugar en el que se encuentran los establecimientos está directamente relacionado con la tasa de seroprevalencia en ellos. Sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica deben aplicarse con prontitud para establecer medidas de prevención y control.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  1
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    Arsenic Exposure During Pregnancy and Childhood: Factors Explaining Changes over a Decade
    (MDPI AG, 2025-03-16)
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
    ;
    HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD  
    ;
    APABLAZA SALINAS, MAURICIO IVÁN  
    ;
    Camila Awad
    ;
    Xaviera Molina
    Arsenic chronic exposure, particularly in its inorganic form, represents a significant public health concern. This study was conducted in Arica, the northernmost city in the country, whose inhabitants have been exposed to inorganic arsenic both naturally through drinking water and anthropogenically due to a toxic waste disposal site. We explored changes in inorganic arsenic levels in a cohort of pregnant women and their children over a decade, identifying exposure trends and their determinants. We used data on arsenic exposure through maternal urine samples during pregnancy, collected by the Health Authority between 2013 and 2016 (measurement 1), and followed up with assessments of their children in 2023 (measurement 2). Temporal changes in inorganic arsenic concentration were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and a mixed linear regression model was employed to determine which factors contributed to urinary inorganic arsenic levels. We did not observe significant differences in mean arsenic concentrations between the two-time points (p = 0.4026). The mixed linear regression model revealed that children consuming bottled water had 8.3% lower urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations than those drinking tap water (95% CI: −15.36 to −0.54%). Additionally, children from ethnic groups had 8.64% higher inorganic arsenic concentrations (95% CI: 0.49 to 17.5%), while those with caregivers with higher education showed a 13.67% reduction (95% CI: −25.06 to −0.56%). Despite mitigation efforts, these findings underscore the ongoing risk of inorganic arsenic exposure among vulnerable populations. They further emphasize the importance of addressing natural arsenic contamination in water and implementing targeted interventions to reduce disparities associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  6
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    Personas mayores y cuidadores: experiencias con tecnologías digitales en salud en tres regiones de Chile
    (Centro de Estudios Publicos, 2025-07-24)
    HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD  
    ;
    OLEA NORMANDIN, ANDREA MARIA  
    ;
    Ximena Sgombich
    ;
    Teresa Abusleme
    ;
    Daniel Jofré
    <jats:p>Este artículo da cuenta de las experiencias y expectativas de personas mayores, cuidadores y familiares con respecto al uso de tecnologías digitales para el cuidado de la salud en Chile, asumiendo como perspectiva de análisis la Teoría de Usos y Gratificaciones. Para la realización del estudio se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo con 9 grupos focales y 16 entrevistas individuales. Llevado a cabo entre marzo y noviembre de 2022, la investigación abordó aspectos como competencia digital, accesibilidad y usos. Los resultados indican que las personas mayores tienen una relación tardía con la tecnología, con barreras como miedo a la obsolescencia y falta de habilidades digitales. La tecnología es percibida como útil para las tareas cotidianas y la asistencia sanitaria, aunque existen preocupaciones acerca del fraude y el mal uso de información personal, lo que amplía la brecha digital. La alfabetización digital en personas mayores es sobre todo adquirida a través del apoyo familiar y de procesos de formación informales. La salud digital es vista como multifacética, beneficiando la gestión administrativa y el acceso a la información médica, aunque se requieren estrategias más efectivas de inclusión digital para mejorar la autonomía y la integración de las personas mayores en el entorno digital.</jats:p>
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    Exposure of 4-year to 24-year olds to tobacco imagery on prime-time Chilean television
    (2021)
    PERUGA URREA, ARMANDO  
    ;
    Urrejola, Oscar
    ;
    DELGADO BECERRA, OROZIMBA IRIS  
    ;
    MATUTE WILLEMSEM, MARIA ISABEL  
    ;
    CASTILLO LABORDE, CARLA CECILIA  
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>The extent of the population’s exposure to tobacco imagery across all genres of regular TV programming and the contribution of each of these genres is unknown, except for UK broadcast channels. The objective of this study is to estimate the exposure of young people to tobacco imagery on Chilean prime-time television and the programme source contributing to such exposure.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Programmes aired during 3 weeks in 2019 from the 15 highest audience channels in Chile were content-analysed for the occurrence of tobacco categorised as actual use, implied use, tobacco paraphernalia, tobacco brand appearances and whether they violated Chilean smoke-free law for each 1 min interval (92 639). The exposure of young people to tobacco content was estimated using media viewership figures.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Young people received 29, 11 and 4 million tobacco impressions of any type, explicit use and smoke-free violation, respectively, at a rate of 21.8, 8.0 and 2.1 thousand impressions per hour of TV viewing. The main sources of exposure to tobacco impressions were feature films and animated productions, which were almost entirely non-Chilean. Finally, young people were exposed to tobacco brand impressions primarily through films, effectively circumventing the advertising ban in Chile.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Television programming is a source of significant youth exposure to tobacco imagery, including branding impressions. To conform to the WHO FCTC, Chile should prohibit tobacco branding in any TV programme and require strong anti-tobacco advertisements prior to any TV programme portraying tobacco.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      23Scopus© Citations 3