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A Comparative Analysis of Universal and Sentinel Surveillance Data for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Insights From Argentina, Chile, and Mexico (2020–2022)
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-03-10)
Lidia Redondo-Bravo
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Kinda Zureick
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Carla Voto
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Xaviera Molina Avendaño
;
Laura Flores-Cisneros
Scopus© Citations 2 5
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Cocaine-induced oronasal communication of the midline of the palate: A case report
(Medwave Estudios Limitada, 2025-02-24)
María Jesús Vergara
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Javiera Cordero Escalona
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Valentina Veloso Casado
Cocaine abuse poses a significant public health challenge, leading to severe systemic and localized complications. Intranasal cocaine use can result in chronic rhinitis, septal perforation, and palatal perforation due to its vasoconstrictive effects, which cause ischemia and tissue necrosis. We present the case of a 44- year-old woman with a 10-month history of palatal perforation, attributed to 12 years of chronic cocaine use, presented with nasal regurgitation, feeding difficulties, and cachexia. Examination revealed a 3 x 2 cm palatal perforation, nasal asymmetry, and a saddle nose deformity. Computerized tomography scans showed extensive nasal septum perforation and sinus mucosal thickening. Initial treatment involved antibiotics for sinusitis, followed by the fabrication of an obturator prosthesis to improve speech and feeding. The chronicity and extent of the palatal and nasal damage illustrates the severe consequences that can arise from sustained abuse. This case highlights not only the physical manifestations but also the challenges in managing such cases, emphasizing the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach. The integration of dental, otolaryngological, and psychological care is crucial for both immediate and long-term management. The main lesson from this case is the importance of comprehensive, patient-centered care that prioritizes stabilization and quality of life while supporting the patient’s path to rehabilitation. Provisional treatment with an obturator prosthesis can provide significant improvement in speech and feeding, providing a viable solution until the patient can maintain abstinence. Conservative management and prosthetic rehabilitation remain effective options, reinforcing the need for individualized, multidisciplinary care strategies.
1
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Geographic divergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST5-SCCmecI in the aftermath of a major earthquake and tsunami: impact of a plasmid harboring heavy metal resistance genes
(American Society for Microbiology, 2025-04-09)
Jose R. W. Martínez
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Manuel Alcalde-Rico
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Estefanía Jara-Videla
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Jinnethe Reyes
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Lina P. Carvajal
(MRSA) is a major public health menace. The global spread of MRSA is characterized by successive waves of epidemic clones dominating specific geographical regions. The acquisition of genes encoding resistance to heavy metals (HMRGs) is thought to be a key feature in the geographic divergence of MRSA. However, the cause-effect relationship between the presence of HMRGs and the divergence of MRSA clones remains to be clarified. In this study, we assessed the role that HMRGs may have played in the evolutionary divergence of the MRSA ST5-SCC <jats:italic>mec</jats:italic> I lineage in Latin America. We conducted a genomic characterization of 113 MRSA clinical isolates from six Latin American healthcare centers, including 53 isolates collected from two cities in Chile (Santiago and Concepción). We found a plasmid (pSCL4752) harboring arsenic, cadmium, and mercury resistance genes in 65% ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 71) of the ST5-SCC <jats:italic>mec</jats:italic> I isolates. We also observed a geographic divergence associated with the presence of pSCL4752 in Chilean isolates, with a higher frequency in isolates from Concepción (88%) compared to Santiago (29%). Interestingly, a molecular clock analysis revealed that this divergence occurred in the aftermath of an 8.8 Mw earthquake and tsunami that struck the Concepción area in 2010. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the carriage of pSCL4752 can be beneficial or detrimental for ST5-SCC <jats:italic>mec</jats:italic> I isolates, depending on the environmental availability of these heavy metals. Our results suggest that the divergence of the ST5-SCC <jats:italic>mec</jats:italic> I MRSA lineage in Latin America could have been fostered by environmental disasters and influenced by the presence/absence of HMRGs harbored in a plasmid. </jats:p> <jats:sec> <jats:title>IMPORTANCE</jats:title> <jats:p> Methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> (MRSA) is a major cause of life-threatening infections worldwide and a growing public health concern. The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as MRSA, is often linked to genetic adaptations that enhance their survival. Our research sheds light on how environmental changes, such as those triggered by a natural disaster, can influence the evolution and geographic spread of a highly resistant MRSA lineage in Latin America. We identified a plasmid carrying genes for resistance to arsenic, cadmium, and mercury, which was associated with the geographic divergence of the ST5-SCC <jats:italic>mec</jats:italic> I MRSA lineage, with striking differences in its prevalence between regions affected by a major earthquake and tsunami. By linking environmental events to pathogen evolution, our study highlights the role of ecological pressures in the spread of MRSA. These findings emphasize the need to integrate environmental monitoring into public health strategies to better understand the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Adherence to an Early Exercise Plan Promotes Visceral Fat Loss in the First Month Following Bariatric Surgery
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-14)
Johanna Pino-Zuñiga
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Paloma Lillo-Urzua
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Mariela Olivares-Galvez
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Ana Palacio-Aguero
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Juan Camilo Duque
3Scopus© Citations 2
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Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators—a call to action
(American Society for Microbiology, 2025-03-13)
DUARTE PEÑALOZA, LUISA FERNANDA
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Javier Carbone-Schellman
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Susan M. Bueno
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Alexis M. Kalergis
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Claudia A. Riedel
Antivirals play important roles in restricting viral diseases. Nevertheless, they act on a relatively limited number of viruses and occasionally display partial effectiveness in some tissues or against escape variants. Although vaccination remains the most cost-effective approach for preventing microbial diseases, developing prophylactic or therapeutic solutions for pathogens, such as herpes simplex viruses (HSVs), that effectively reduce their clinical manifestations in the skin has proven exceptionally challenging despite extensive research. Alternatively, a less explored approach for tackling HSV skin infection involves using topical immunomodulatory molecules to potentiate the host’s innate antiviral immune responses. When applied directly to herpetic skin lesions where viral antigen is present, this strategy has the potential to elicit virus-specific adaptive immunity. Based on currently available data, we foresee substantial potential for this approach in addressing HSV skin infections, along with additional prospects to advance understanding of skin biology and apply relevant new findings to other dermatological conditions. However, due to the limited number of case studies evaluating this method and its safety profile, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, further research is crucial, especially to assess the effects of immunomodulators in these vulnerable populations. Here, we revisit and discuss the use of immunomodulatory molecules for potentiating the host immune response against HSV skin infection and call for action for increased research and clinical trials regarding the possible benefits of this latter strategy for treating HSV cutaneous disease and recurrences. We also revisit and discuss antivirals and vaccine candidates against HSVs.
Scopus© Citations 2 7
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Resilience of mobility network to dynamic population response across COVID-19 interventions: Evidences from Chile
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-02-20)
Pasquale Casaburi
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Lorenzo Dall’Amico
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Nicolò Gozzi
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Kyriaki Kalimeri
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Anna Sapienza
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of non-traditional data sources, such as mobile phone data, to inform effective public health interventions and monitor adherence to such measures. Previous studies showed how socioeconomic characteristics shaped population response during restrictions and how repeated interventions eroded adherence over time. Less is known about how different population strata changed their response to repeated interventions and how this impacted the resulting mobility network. We study population response during the first and second infection waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile and Spain. Via spatial lag and regression models, we investigate the adherence to mobility interventions at the municipality level in Chile, highlighting the significant role of wealth, labor structure, COVID-19 incidence, and network metrics characterizing business-as-usual municipality connectivity in shaping mobility changes during the two waves. We assess network structural similarities in the two periods by defining mobility hotspots and traveling probabilities in the two countries. As a proof of concept, we simulate and compare outcomes of an epidemic diffusion occurring in the two waves. While differences exist between factors associated with mobility reduction across waves in Chile, underscoring the dynamic nature of population response, our analysis reveals the resilience of the mobility network across the two waves. We test the robustness of our findings recovering similar results for Spain. Finally, epidemic modeling suggests that historical mobility data from past waves can be leveraged to inform future disease spatial invasion models in repeated interventions. This study highlights the value of historical mobile phone data for building pandemic preparedness and lessens the need for real-time data streams for risk assessment and outbreak response. Our work provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of factors driving mobility across repeated interventions, aiding in developing targeted mitigation strategies.
2
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Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Likelihood of cooccurring neuropsychiatric conditions and the dual hit hypothesis
(Elsevier BV, 2025-04)
Juan Pablo Del Río
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Alexandros Tsompanidis
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Pablo A. Gaspar
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Alejandro Maturana-Hurtado
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Gonzalo M. Rojas-Costa
Scopus© Citations 7 6
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Emergency Department Workflow Times of Intravenous Thrombolysis with Tenecteplase versus Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(S. Karger AG, 2025-02-03)
Matias Guzman
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LAVADOS GERMAIN, PABLO MANUEL
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Gabriel Cavada
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Alejandro M. Brunser
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Veronica V. Olavarria
Introduction: Tenecteplase (TNK) has demonstrated to be non-inferior to alteplase (ALT) for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). There are potential workflow benefits associated with TNK use, aiming to reduce patient length of stay in the emergency department. Our aim was to investigate whether the routine use of TNK during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced workflow times compared to historical use of ALT, while maintaining non-inferior clinical outcomes in a non-drip and ship scenario of a comprehensive stroke center. Methods: We included patients with AIS admitted from September 2019 to September 2022 and compared those treated with TNK during the COVID-19 pandemic to those treated with ALT in the period immediately before. We compared emergency department length of stay (EDLOS), door-to-needle time (DTN), door-to-groin puncture time (DTG), clinical and safety outcomes with adjusted general linear regression models. Results: 110 patients treated with TNK and 111 with ALT were included in this study. Mean EDLOS was 251 (SD = 164) min for TNK users versus 240 (SD = 148) min for ALT (p = 0.62). Mean DTN was 43 (SD = 25) min for TNK versus 46 (SD = 27) min for ALT users (p = 0.39). Mean DTN under 60 min was achieved in 86 (78.2%) patients and in 85 (76.5%) patients of the TNK and ALT groups, respectively (p = 1.0). DTN under 45 min was achieved in 65.4% and 58.6% (p = 0.65) of the TNK and ALT groups, respectively. DTG time was 114 (SD = 43) min for TNK versus 111 (58 = SD) min in the ALT group (p = 0.88). DTG under 90 min was achieved in 32% of the TNK group and 35% of the ALT group (p = 0.69). There were no differences in any of the clinical or safety outcomes between groups at 90 days. Conclusions: The adoption of TNK during COVID-19 pandemic did not result in a change in EDLOS, DTN, or DTG times when compared to ALT in this cohort. Safety and clinical outcomes were similar between groups. Probably a greater benefit could have been seen in a drip and ship thrombolysis setting. Further research is needed to assess the potential advantages of TNK in drip and ship scenarios of IVT.
Scopus© Citations 2 2
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Molecular Interplay Between Non-Coding RNAs and Connexins and Its Possible Role in Cancer
(MDPI AG, 2025-03-12)
Pablo Pérez-Moreno
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Juan P. Muñoz
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RETAMAL LUCERO, MAURICIO ANTONIO
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are sequences that do not encode for proteins and play key roles in different cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. On the other hand, connexins (Cxs) are transmembrane proteins that principally allow intercellular communication. In pathological conditions such as cancer, there is a deregulation in the expression and/or function of ncRNAs and Cxs, which in turn leads to an enhancement in the aggressive phenotype, such as a greater proliferative and invasive capacity. This suggests a plausible interplay between ncRNAs and Cxs. Based on that, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding this relationship and to analyze how it may influence the development of aggressive traits in cancer cells and the clinicopathological features of cancer patients. Finally, we discuss the potential of ncRNAs and Cxs as promising clinical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting.
1
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Early developmental screening tools constructed in Latin American countries: umbrella review
(Publicidad Permanyer, SLU, 2025-04-09)
SCHONHAUT BERMAN, LUISA
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Antonia Valdés
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Ilan Oppenheimer
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Antonio Rizzoli-Córdoba
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Rolando Rivera
2Scopus© Citations 2

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