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      2Scopus© Citations 2
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    Scopus© Citations 1  1
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    Qualitative and quantitative educational disparities and brain signatures in healthy aging and dementia across global settings
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-04)
    Raul Gonzalez-Gomez
    ;
    Josephine Cruzat
    ;
    Hernán Hernández
    ;
    Joaquín Migeot
    ;
    Agustina Legaz
    Scopus© Citations 4  3
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    Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil (TADI): Evidencia adicional de su validez a nivel poblacional
    (Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria, 2025-02-18)
    Marta Edwards
    ;
    Iván Armijo
    ;
    SCHONHAUT BERMAN, LUISA  
    ;
    Marcela Pardo
    ;
    Antonia Valdés
    El “Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil” (TADI) es una escala de tamizaje del desarrollo para niños/as de 6 a 72 meses construida en Chile.Objetivo: Determinar la validez de la primera edición de TADI muestra nivel poblacional.Metodología:Análisis psicométrico secundario de una muestra de 11.283 niños/as chilenos que participaron de la Encuesta Longitudinal de Primera Infancia (ELPI) 2012. Se evaluó validez convergente mediante el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), verificado mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE). Se consideraron variables sociales para la validez de constructo. Para la validez concurrente, sensibilidad, especificidad y correlación se tomaron como referencias las pruebas Battelle Developmental Inventory Segunda Edición (BDI-2) y el Test de Vocabulario en Imágenes Peabody (TVIP).Resultados: De los niños evaluados, 12,6% se categorizó en Retraso o Riesgo de Retraso, y 17,3% en categoría Alerta. El AFC arrojó buenos niveles de ajuste del modelo propuesto para los datos de la escala, en particular a edades mayores. El AFE reveló patrones diferentes para distintos rangos etarios. El TADI se correlacionó significativamente con los factores socioeconómicos, como la presencia de materiales de aprendizaje en el hogar, el nivel educativo del cuidador principal, el ingreso económico y la respuesta emocional de la madre. Se encontró correlación moderadamente positiva del TADI con el BDI-2 y el TVIP, con sensibilidad y especificidad cercanos a 0,70 al incluir la categoría Alerta.Conclusiones: Los adecuados valores psicométricos del TADI en una muestra poblacional ratifican su validez como instrumento de tamizaje del desarrollo de niños/as pequeños en Chile.
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    Socioeconomic inequalities in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional analysis of income poverty
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-05-07)
    DELGADO BECERRA, OROZIMBA IRIS  
    ;
    Sushma Dahal
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    MATUTE WILLEMSEM, MARIA ISABEL  
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    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
    ;
    Svenn-Erik Mamelund
    The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented economic crisis, intensifying poverty levels in Latin America, particularly in Chile. This study examines the short- and long-term socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on income poverty in Chile, focusing on regional disparities, rurality, ethnicity, educational attainment, and immigration. Using data from the Chile National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) for 2017, 2020, and 2022, we analyzed poverty trends across the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. We employed spatial clustering techniques with Local Moran’s I to detect poverty hotspots and applied logistic regression models to identify key sociodemographic factors associated with these hotspots. Our results reveal stark regional disparities, with disproportionately higher poverty rates among rural populations, Indigenous communities, and individuals with lower education levels or immigrant backgrounds. The proportion of individuals in poverty hotspots rose from 6.8% in 2017 to 8.6% in 2020, before slightly declining to 7.7% in 2022. Although emergency monetary subsidies helped reduce overall poverty from 10.8% in 2020 to 6.5% in 2022, these measures were insufficient to address deep-rooted structural inequalities. Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, long-term policies that go beyond temporary financial assistance and tackle systemic disparities linked to rurality, ethnicity, education, and immigration. Such measures are essential for achieving sustainable poverty reduction and fostering inclusive economic growth in Chile.
    Scopus© Citations 1  1
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    Cancer plans should consider local needs
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-02)
    Bettina Müller
    ;
    Raul Murillo
      1Scopus© Citations 2
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    Diet quality of Chilean schoolchildren: How is it linked to adherence to dietary guidelines?
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-02-06)
    PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA  
    ;
    Jacqueline Araneda Flores
    ;
    QUINTILIANO SCARPELLI DOURADO , DAIANA APARECIDA  
    ;
    Tito Pizarro Quevedo
    ;
    Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira
    In Chile, the prevalence of overweight among schoolchildren over the age of 5 is approximately 50%, one of the highest in the Americas region. This is largely influenced by the presence of inadequate food environments, characterized by limited access to healthy foods and a high availability of highly processed foods (HPF). This study analyzes food consumption in Chilean schoolchildren and the association of this with the Chilean Dietary Guidelines Based on Foods (DGBF) and the HPF consumption.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Material and methods</jats:title> <jats:p>The sample (1,094 schoolchildren) was obtained from the baseline of the FONDEF IT18I0016 project, in Santiago-Chile. Anthropometry and socioeconomic data were measured. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative frequency survey featuring images of food groups aligned with DGBF, as well as HPF. All data were collected by trained professional nutritionists. Associations between dependent and independent variables, and potential confounding factors were calculated using logistic regression models with stepwise backward/forward. A p &lt; 0.05 was accepted as significant, using Stata 16.0. <jats:p>Most of the students (54.1%) were with malnutrition by excess and 20.0% exhibited abdominal obesity. Twenty percent of the students met the recommended intake for DGBF (fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products, legumes, water) and less than 5% did not consume any HPF. Consuming some sub-groups of HPF in moderate quantities (either no consumption or occasional consumption) increases the likelihood of meeting DGBF: candies and sweets (OR: 0.72; p = 0.04), pies with or without filling (OR: 0.63; p = 0.01), and salted snacks (OR: 0.67; p = 0.02).</jats:p> Conclusion Our results contribute to reaffirm the need to enhance healthy food consumption among schoolchildren and to discourage the intake of HPF, particularly focusing on specific sub-groups of HPF that may increase the risk of displacing the consumption of food groups recommended by the DGBF.</jats:p>
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    Scopus© Citations 6  5