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Gaps in clinical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities–focused research
(2023)
Sanne Franzen
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Karen Nuytemans
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Renelle Bourdage
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Paulo Caramelli
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Ratnavalli Ellajosyula
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the leading causes of dementia before age 65 and often manifests as abnormal behavior (in behavioral variant FTD) or language impairment (in primary progressive aphasia). FTD's exact clinical presentation varies by culture, language, education, social norms, and other socioeconomic factors; current research and clinical practice, however, is mainly based on studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Changes in diagnostic criteria and procedures as well as new or adapted cognitive tests are likely needed to take into consideration global diversity. This perspective paper by two professional interest areas of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment examines how increasing global diversity impacts the clinical presentation, screening, assessment, and diagnosis of FTD and its treatment and care. It subsequently provides recommendations to address immediate needs to advance global FTD research and clinical practice.</jats:p>
27Scopus© Citations 12
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Generalizing post-stroke prognoses from research data to clinical data
(2019)
Robert Loughnan
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Diego L. Lorca-Puls
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
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Valeria Espejo-Videla
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Céline R. Gillebert
Scopus© Citations 10 17 1
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Frontotemporal Dementias in Latin America: History, Epidemiology, Genetics, and Clinical Research
(2021)
Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra
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BEHRENS PELLEGRINO, MARIA ISABEL
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Mirna Lie Hosogi
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Lucia Montero
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Teresa Torralva
<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:</jats:bold> The historical development, frequency, and impact of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are less clear in Latin America than in high-income countries. Although there is a growing number of dementia studies in Latin America, little is known collectively about FTD prevalence studies by country, clinical heterogeneity, risk factors, and genetics in Latin American countries.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> A systematic review was completed, aimed at identifying the frequency, clinical heterogeneity, and genetics studies of FTD in Latin American populations. The search strategies used a combination of standardized terms for FTD and related disorders. In addition, at least one author per Latin American country summarized the available literature. Collaborative or regional studies were reviewed during consensus meetings.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> The first FTD reports published in Latin America were mostly case reports. The last two decades marked a substantial increase in the number of FTD research in Latin American countries. Brazil (165), Argentina (84), Colombia (26), and Chile (23) are the countries with the larger numbers of FTD published studies. Most of the research has focused on clinical and neuropsychological features (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 247), including the local adaptation of neuropsychological and behavioral assessment batteries. However, there are little to no large studies on prevalence (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 4), biomarkers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9), or neuropathology (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 3) of FTD.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:</jats:bold> Future FTD studies will be required in Latin America, albeit with a greater emphasis on clinical diagnosis, genetics, biomarkers, and neuropathological studies. Regional and country-level efforts should seek better estimations of the prevalence, incidence, and economic impact of FTD syndromes.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 10 1
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Creación del primer biorrepositorio nacional de bacterias multirresistentes disponible para el estudio de la resistencia bacteriana en Chile
(2022)
Patricia García
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RIVAS JIMENEZ, LINA MARIA
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Anne Peters
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Paola Henríquez
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Loriana Castillo
3
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Pregunta, hipótesis y objetivos de una investigación clínica
(2019)
Lorena I. Tapia
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M. Angélica Palomino
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LUCERO, YALDA
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Romina Valenzuela
1Scopus© Citations 5 12
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Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) in Uveitis: A Literature Review and a Reassessment of Its Real Role
(2023)
Carl P. Herbort
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Masaru Takeuchi
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Ioannis Papasavvas
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Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
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Alireza Hedayatfar
<jats:p>Background: The global and precise follow-up of uveitis has become possible with the availability of dual fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) since the mid-1990s. Progressively, additional non-invasive imaging methods have emerged, bringing value-added precision to the imaging appraisal of uveitis, including, among others, optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced-depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) and blue light fundus autofluorescence (BAF). More recently, another complementary imaging method, OCT-angiography (OCT-A), further allowed retinal and choroidal circulation to be imaged without the need for dye injection. Purpose: The purpose of this review was aimed at examining the evidence in published reports indicating whether OCT-A could possibly replace dye angiographic methods, as well as the real practical impact of OCT-A. Methods: A literature search in the PubMed database was performed using the terms OCT-angiography and uveitis, OCTA and uveitis and OCT-A and uveitis. Case reports were excluded. Articles were classified into technical reports, research reports and reviews. Articles in the two latter categories were analyzed in a more detailed, individual fashion. Special attention was paid to whether there were arguments in favor of an exclusive rather than complementary use of OCT-A. Furthermore, a synthesis of the main practical applications of OCT-A in the management of uveitis was attempted. Results: Between 2016 (the year of the first articles) and 2022, 144 articles containing the search terms were identified. After excluding case report articles, 114 articles were retained: 4 in 2016, 17 in 2017, 14 in 2018, 21 in 2019, 14 in 2020, 18 in 2021 and 26 in 2022. Seven articles contained technical information or consensus-based terminology. Ninety-two articles could be considered as clinical research articles. Of those, only two hinted in their conclusions that OCT-A could hypothetically replace dye methods. The terms mostly used to qualify the contribution of the articles in this group were “complementary to dye methods”, “adjunct”, “supplementing” and other similar terms. Fifteen articles were reviews, none of which hinted that OCT-A could replace dye methods. The situations where OCT-A represented a significant practical contribution to the practical appraisal of uveitis were identified. Conclusion: To date, no evidence was found in the literature that OCT-A can replace the classic dye methods; however, it can complement them. Promoting the possibility that non-invasive OCT-A can substitute the invasive dye methods is deleterious, giving the elusive impression that dye methods are no longer inevitable for evaluating uveitis patients. Nevertheless, OCT-A is a precious tool in uveitis research.</jats:p>
7Scopus© Citations 13
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Default Mode Network, Meditation, and Age-Associated Brain Changes: What Can We Learn from the Impact of Mental Training on Well-Being as a Psychotherapeutic Approach?
(2019)
Ricardo Ramírez-Barrantes
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Marcelo Arancibia
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Jana Stojanova
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ASPÉ SÁNCHEZ, MAURICIO ALEJANDRO
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Claudio Córdova
Aging is a physiological process accompanied by cognitive decline, principally in memory and executive functions. Alterations in the connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) have been found to participate in cognitive decline, as well as in several neurocognitive disorders. The DMN has antisynchronic activity with attentional networks (task-positive networks (TPN)), which are critical to executive function and memory. Findings pointing to the regulation of the DMN via activation of TPN suggest that it can be used as a strategy for neuroprotection. Meditation is a noninvasive and nonpharmacological technique proven to increase meta-awareness, a cognitive ability which involves the control of both networks. In this review, we discuss the possibility of facilitating healthy aging through the regulation of networks through meditation. We propose that by practicing specific types of meditation, cognitive decline could be slowed, promoting a healthy lifestyle, which may enhance the quality of life for the elderly.
Scopus© Citations 38 1
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MET Signaling Pathways, Resistance Mechanisms, and Opportunities for Target Therapies
(2022)
RIVAS VERA, SOLANGE VERÓNICA
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Arnaldo Marín
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Suraj Samtani
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Evelin González-Feliú
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ARMISEN YAÑEZ, RICARDO AMADO
<jats:p>The MET gene, known as MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, was first identified to induce tumor cell migration, invasion, and proliferation/survival through canonical RAS-CDC42-PAK-Rho kinase, RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, and its driver mutations, such as MET gene amplification (METamp) and the exon 14 skipping alterations (METex14), activate cell transformation, cancer progression, and worse patient prognosis, principally in lung cancer through the overactivation of their own oncogenic and MET parallel signaling pathways. Because of this, MET driver alterations have become of interest in lung adenocarcinomas since the FDA approval of target therapies for METamp and METex14 in 2020. However, after using MET target therapies, tumor cells develop adaptative changes, favoring tumor resistance to drugs, the main current challenge to precision medicine. Here, we review a link between the resistance mechanism and MET signaling pathways, which is not only limited to MET. The resistance impacts MET parallel tyrosine kinase receptors and signals shared hubs. Therefore, this information could be relevant in the patient’s mutational profile evaluation before the first target therapy prescription and follow-up to reduce the risk of drug resistance. However, to develop a resistance mechanism to a MET inhibitor, patients must have access to the drugs. For instance, none of the FDA approved MET inhibitors are registered as such in Chile and other developing countries. Constant cross-feeding between basic and clinical research will thus be required to meet future challenges imposed by the acquired resistance to targeted therapies.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 15 16
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The Role of Colchicine in Atherosclerosis: From Bench to Bedside
(2022)
Leticia González
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Juan Francisco Bulnes
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María Paz Orellana
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MUÑOZ VENTURELLI, PAULA ANDREA
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Gonzalo Martínez Rodriguez
Inflammation is a key feature of atherosclerosis. The inflammatory process is involved in all stages of disease progression, from the early formation of plaque to its instability and disruption, leading to clinical events. This strongly suggests that the use of anti-inflammatory agents might improve both atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular outcomes. Colchicine, an alkaloid derived from the flower Colchicum autumnale, has been used for years in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies, including Gout, Mediterranean Fever, and Pericarditis. Colchicine is known to act over microtubules, inducing depolymerization, and over the NLRP3 inflammasome, which might explain its known anti-inflammatory properties. Recent evidence has shown the therapeutic potential of colchicine in the management of atherosclerosis and its complications, with limited adverse effects. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding colchicine mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics, as well as the available evidence on the use of colchicine for the treatment of coronary artery disease, covering basic, translational, and clinical studies.
Scopus© Citations 27 1
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COVID-19 vaccine trials with children: ethics pointers
(2022)
Caesar Alimisnya Atuire
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Sofía P Salas
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Katharine Wright
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J Radeino Ambe
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Jantina de Vries
<jats:p>As healthcare authorities around the world strive to get as many citizens as possible vaccinated against the SAR-CoV-2 virus, many countries have begun including children in the population groups to be vaccinated. Properly designed clinical trials involving children are important to ensure safety, efficacy, and dosage of therapies in (developing) children. Within the complex health, social, and political scenario of the ongoing pandemic, ethics committees and policy makers in low-income and middle-income settings need to consider additional ethical questions when called on to review phase III COVID-19 vaccine trials involving in children. We set out some of the ethical questions to keep in mind before, during, and after the implementation of phase III COVID-19 vaccine trials in limited resource settings. Specifically, we discuss and offer succinct answers to the following questions: How relevant will the trial vaccine be for the population participating in the trial? Should vaccines that have not been approved for use among adults be approved for use in trials with children? Which children should be involved in COVID-19 vaccine trials? What criteria of informed consent are to be adopted with minors? Placebo versus an existing already approved vaccine? What specific duties of ancillary care should be taken into consideration for COVID-19 vaccines especially in low-income and middle-income countries? The answers we offer are considerations that can serve as ‘things to think about’ when reviewing or implementing COVID-19 trials involving children in low-income settings.</jats:p>
7Scopus© Citations 9

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