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    Exploring the characteristics of cancer-centred civil society organisations in Chile: A qualitative study
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-05-16)
    Antonia Roberts
    ;
    Francisca Vezzani
    ;
    CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ  
    ;
    OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE  
    ;
    CAMPAÑA, CARLA  
    In Chile, civil society organisations in health have been historically active in population health and specifically in cancer; they have had an important role in addressing patients’ and families’ necessities. Although they occupy a central role, there is no clarity about who they are, how they are organised, the goals that guide their performance and how they materialize social participation in health. Based on that, this study aimed to explore the characteristics of civil society organisations that work in cancer in Chile and to identify the networks they build with other actors to achieve their goals. Materials and methods Qualitative case study using semi-structured online interviews with organisation representatives, politicians, decision-makers and academics related to cancer in Chile. Content analysis was performed, admitting emerging categories from the participants’ narratives.</jats:p> Results Three main profiles of organisations were identified: (i) Long-established organisations focused on influencing public policy and decision-making in cancer, (ii) Growing organisations focused on informing and supporting families and patients, (iii) Newly established organisations focused on patient well-being, such as sports activities. Relationships between groups and other actors involve perceived benefits like the growth of the organisations and funding for activities. However, perceived barriers and inequities are also identified, mainly lack of financial resources, competition between organisations and insufficient information. Discussion The objectives of civil society organisations in cancer are diverse and reflect multiple ways of practising social participation in health. Tensions generate unequal participation and missed opportunities to promote public health in cancer in Chile. The study highlights the importance of recognising cancer social organisations as essential actors in public health. It is crucial to involve them in formulating and implementing comprehensive responses to maximise the opportunities for progress in this field.
      4
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    Evidence for the Effectiveness of a National School-Based Mental Health Program in Chile
    (2015)
    GUZMÁN, JAVIER
    ;
    Ronald C. Kessler
    ;
    Ana Maria Squicciarini
    ;
    Myriam George
    ;
    Lee Baer
      2Scopus© Citations 41
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    Predictive Validity of Developmental Screening Questionnaires for Identifying Children With Later Cognitive or Educational Difficulties: A Systematic Review
    (2021)
    SCHONHAUT, LUISA  
    ;
    MATURANA PEREA, ANDRES  
    ;
    Olenkha Cepeda
    ;
    Pamela Serón
    <jats:p><jats:bold>Context:</jats:bold> Parent/caregiver completing developmental screening questionnaires (DSQs) for children before 5 years of age is currently recommended. The DSQs recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) are the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), and the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC). Nevertheless, their predictive validity has not been well-established.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:</jats:bold> To assess in the current literature, the value of AAP-recommended DSQs (ASQ, PEDS, SWYC) administered between 0 and 5 years of age, for predicting long-term cognitive achievement and/or school performance (CA/SP), after 1 year or more of evaluation and at/or after age 5 years, in the general population.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Data Sources:</jats:bold> Cochrane, MEDLINE PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scielo, and Scopus databases (until March 2021).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Selection:</jats:bold> Two authors selected the studies. Forward and backward citation follow-up was done; authors of DSQ were contacted to identify additional studies.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Data Extraction:</jats:bold> Cohorts were identified, and authors of selected studies were contacted to corroborate and complete extracted data.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> Thirty-two publications, corresponding to 10 cohorts, were included. All cohorts used ASQ. Only cohort using PEDS was identified but did not meet the inclusion criteria. No cohorts conducted with SWYC were identified. Associations between ASQ and CA/SP were extracted for eight cohorts. The odds ratios were <jats:underline>&amp;gt;</jats:underline>3, and the area under the curve was 0.66–0.87. A trade-off between sensitivity and specificity was observed.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Limitations:</jats:bold> Heterogeneity in population characteristics and in DSQ adaptations.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:</jats:bold> A positive association between ASQ and later CA/SP was found in different social, cultural, and economic settings. Additional studies are necessary to determine the impact factors in the predictive capacity of DSQs.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Systematic Review Registration:</jats:bold> PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020183883.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 8  1  1
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    Seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and social determinants of SARS-CoV-2 in three urban centers of Chile
    (2022)
    VIAL CLARO, PABLO AGUSTIN  
    ;
    GONZALEZ WIEDMAIER, CLAUDIA MARTA  
    ;
    Gloria Icaza
    ;
    Muriel Ramirez-Santana
    ;
    Rubén Quezada-Gaete
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Seroprevalence studies provide an accurate measure of SARS-CoV-2 spread and the presence of asymptomatic cases. They also provide information on the uneven impact of the pandemic, pointing out vulnerable groups to prioritize which is particularly relevant in unequal societies. However, due to their high cost, they provide limited evidence of spatial spread of the pandemic specially in unequal societies. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Chile and model its spatial risk distribution.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>During Oct–Nov 2020, we conducted a population-based serosurvey in Santiago, Talca, and Coquimbo–La Serena (2493 individuals). We explored the individual association between positive results and socio-economic and health-related variables by logistic regression for complex surveys. Then, using an Empirical Bayesian Kriging model, we estimated the infection risk spatial distribution using individual and census information, and compared these results with official records.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Seroprevalence was 10.4% (95% CI 7.8–13.7%), ranging from 2% (Talca) to 11% (Santiago), almost three times the number officially reported. Approximately 36% of these were asymptomatic, reaching 82% below 15 years old. Seroprevalence was associated with the city of residence, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, contact with confirmed cases (especially at household), and foreign nationality. The spatial model accurately interpolated the distribution of disease risk within the cities finding significant differences in the predicted probabilities of SARS-CoV-2 infection by census zone (IQR 2.5–15.0%), related to population density and education.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Our results underscore the transmission heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 within and across three urban centers of Chile. Socio-economic factors and the outcomes of this seroprevalence study enable us to identify priority areas for intervention. Our methodological approach and results can help guide the design of interdisciplinary strategies for urban contexts, not only for SARS-CoV-2 but also for other communicable diseases.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 11  1
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