VIAL CLARO, PABLO AGUSTIN

Preferred name
VIAL CLARO, PABLO AGUSTIN
Main Affiliation
Email
pvial@udd.cl
ORCID
0000-0002-4135-0416
Scopus Author ID
17339613100, 57198245764
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    Conflicto de intereses en la práctica clínica: Análisis ético de algunas relaciones con la industria
    (SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), 2006-12)
    Sofía P Salas
    ;
    Marcial Osorio
    ;
    VIAL CLARO, PABLO AGUSTIN  
    ;
    Ana María Rehbein V
    ;
    Camila Salas A
      1
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    Hantavirus infections and small mammal diversity in Chile: No differences between protected and unprotected areas highlight the need for public health strategies
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-10-30)
    Fernando Torres-Pérez
    ;
    Nicolás Ferrada
    ;
    Roxana Astudillo
    ;
    Marcela Ferrés
    ;
    VIAL CLARO, PABLO AGUSTIN  
    <jats:sec id="sec001"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p> Zoonotic viruses, such as <jats:italic>Orthohantavirus andesense</jats:italic> (ANDV; the causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS), pose significant public health risks at the human-wildlife interface. Understanding their eco-epidemiological dynamics is critical for elucidating the interplay between reservoir hosts, environmental factors, and spillover to humans. In Chile, the long-tailed pygmy rice rat ( <jats:italic>Oligoryzomys longicaudatus</jats:italic> ) serves as the primary reservoir for ANDV. This study investigates whether protected areas (PA), which typically support higher biodiversity and stable ecosystems, exhibit lower ANDV seroprevalence compared to unprotected areas (UPA), where anthropogenic disturbances may alter host-pathogen dynamics. </jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Methodology</jats:title> <jats:p>Between 2001–2008, we conducted small mammal sampling across 22 sites (11 PA and 11 UPA) in natural landscapes of Chile. Seroprevalence of ANDV was assessed via strip immunoassay, while small mammal diversity was evaluated using standardized trapping protocols and diversity indices. We used similarity percentage analysis to identify species contributing to community dissimilarities and applied Renyi diversity profiles to compare small mammal diversity between area types.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec003"> <jats:title>Main Findings</jats:title> <jats:p> We captured 627 small mammals (PA: 331, 14 species; UPA: 296, 10 species) across 12,898 trap-nights. Seroprevalence in <jats:italic>O. longicaudatus</jats:italic> was identical in PA and UPA (9.5%). No significant differences were found in the relative abundance or seropositivity of <jats:italic>O. longicaudatus</jats:italic> between area types. Ecological indices (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, richness, evenness) and community composition (ANOSIM) also showed no significant differences. Rényi profiles indicated marginally higher diversity in PA, driven by greater richness and evenness. </jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec004"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>These findings suggest that ecological factors, such as habitat type, climatic conditions, and/or human behavior, may play a more critical role in shaping viral prevalence than protection status alone. The study underscores the necessity for consistent public health interventions to mitigate the risk of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome across all environments, particularly in regions where human activities intersect with natural habitats.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      1Scopus© Citations 7
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    Diagnosis and treatment of new world hantavirus infections
    (2006-10-01)
    Mertz, Gregory J.
    ;
    Hjelle, Brian
    ;
    Crowley, Mark
    ;
    Iwamoto, Gary
    ;
    Tomicic, Vinko
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment of indigenous new world hantavirus infections. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have defined the incubation period of new world hantavirus infections, provided additional evidence for person-to-person transmission of Andes virus, described a rapid method for the presumptive diagnosis of infection in the cardiopulmonary phase through a review of the peripheral smear, and suggested that intravenous ribavirin is probably not effective for the treatment of new world hantavirus infections when started in the cardiopulmonary phase. SUMMARY: Presumptive diagnosis may be made by a review of the peripheral blood smear after the onset of the cardiopulmonary phase. Critical care management includes the avoidance of fluid overload, pressors to maintain cardiac output, and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the most severe cases, but treatment with intravenous ribavirin is probably not effective. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
      29Scopus© Citations 125
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    Addition of an arterio-venous shunt during veno-arterial extracorporeal life support in a patient with Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
    (2005-11-21)
    Tomicic F, Vinko
    ;
    Espinoza R, Mauricio
    ;
    Torres M, Javier
    ;
    Abarca Z, Juan
    ;
    Montes S, José Miguel
    A subgroup of patients infected with the Hantavirus develops a pulmonary syndrome (HPS) characterized by severe acute respiratory failure and myocardial depression, that has a high mortality rate. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) could be a valuable therapeutic tool in such patients. We report a 24 years old male with HPS that was successfully managed when an arterio-venous shunt was added to a conventional veno-arterial ECLS technique. Precise criteria have been developed to predict which patients should be considered for this treatment.
      1Scopus© Citations 3
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    Immunization and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in a Country with High Vaccination Coverage: Lessons from Chile
    (2022)
    AGUILERA SANHUEZA, XIMENA PAZ  
    ;
    Gloria Icaza
    ;
    GONZALEZ WIEDMAIER, CLAUDIA MARTA  
    ;
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA  
    ;
    APABLAZA SALINAS, MAURICIO IVÁN  
    <jats:p>Chile is among the most successful nations worldwide in terms of its COVID-19 vaccine rollout. By 31 December 2021, 84.1% of the population was fully vaccinated, and 56.1% received booster doses using different COVID-19 vaccines. In this context, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following the infection and vaccination campaign. Using a three-stage stratified sampling, we performed a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey based on a representative sample of three Chilean cities. Selected participants were blood-sampled on-site and answered a short COVID-19 and vaccination history questionnaire using Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA to determine seroprevalence. We recruited 2198 individuals aged 7–93 between 5 October and 25 November 2021; 2132 individuals received COVID-19 vaccinations (97%), 67 (3.1%) received one dose, 2065 (93.9%) received two doses, and 936 received the booster jab (42.6%). Antibody seroprevalence reached 97.3%, ranging from 40.9% among those not vaccinated to 99.8% in those with booster doses (OR = 674.6, 154.8–2938.5). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with vaccination, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, age group, and city of residence. In contrast, we found no significant differences in the type of vaccine used, education, nationality, or type of health insurance. We found a seroprevalence close to 100%, primarily due to the successful vaccination program, which strongly emphasizes universal access.</jats:p>
      6Scopus© Citations 13
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    Covid-19 in South America: clinical and epidemiological characteristics among 381 patients during the early phase of the pandemic in Santiago, Chile
    (2020)
    Macarena R. Vial
    ;
    Anne Peters
    ;
    Inia Pérez
    ;
    María Spencer-Sandino
    ;
    Mario Barbé
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Understanding the characteristics of the Covid-19 pandemic in different geographical regions, ethnic and socioeconomic settings are of emerging importance. This study presents the demographic and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a large private healthcare center in Santiago, Chile, during the first month of the pandemic.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We analyzed the demographics, laboratory and clinical characteristics including severity and outcome of all patients diagnosed with Covid-19 during the first month of the pandemic. SARS-2-CoV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR in nosopharyngeal samples. The primary outcome was a composite of ICU admission or all-cause, in-hospital mortality. Clinical and laboratory parameters of hospitalized patients were analyzed regarding their association with the primary outcome.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>From March 3 to April 4, 2020, 3679 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in our hospital. Of those, 381 had Covid-19 and were included into this analysis. Most patients (99.2%) were Chileans, 12% returning from recent travel. The median age was 39 years (IQR 31–49) and 52% were female. A total of 88 patients (23.1%) were hospitalized; 18 (3.7%) required ICU and/or died. The overall mortality was 0.7%. Increased body mass index (BMI) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were independently associated with ICU care or death.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>During the first weeks of the pandemic in Chile, most Covid-19 patients were young, with low rates of hospitalization, ICU requirement, and fatality. BMI and CRP on admission were predictors for severity. Our data provide important information on the clinical course and outcome of Covid-19 in a Latin American setting.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      1  3Scopus© Citations 15
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      3Scopus© Citations 5