RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA
Preferred name
RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA
Main Affiliation
Email
pramirez@udd.cl
ORCID
0000-0003-3578-459X
Scopus Author ID
57031794200
24 results
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Item type:Publication, Immunization and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in a Country with High Vaccination Coverage: Lessons from Chile(2022); ;Gloria Icaza; ; <jats:p>Chile is among the most successful nations worldwide in terms of its COVID-19 vaccine rollout. By 31 December 2021, 84.1% of the population was fully vaccinated, and 56.1% received booster doses using different COVID-19 vaccines. In this context, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following the infection and vaccination campaign. Using a three-stage stratified sampling, we performed a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey based on a representative sample of three Chilean cities. Selected participants were blood-sampled on-site and answered a short COVID-19 and vaccination history questionnaire using Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA to determine seroprevalence. We recruited 2198 individuals aged 7–93 between 5 October and 25 November 2021; 2132 individuals received COVID-19 vaccinations (97%), 67 (3.1%) received one dose, 2065 (93.9%) received two doses, and 936 received the booster jab (42.6%). Antibody seroprevalence reached 97.3%, ranging from 40.9% among those not vaccinated to 99.8% in those with booster doses (OR = 674.6, 154.8–2938.5). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with vaccination, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, age group, and city of residence. In contrast, we found no significant differences in the type of vaccine used, education, nationality, or type of health insurance. We found a seroprevalence close to 100%, primarily due to the successful vaccination program, which strongly emphasizes universal access.</jats:p>6Scopus© Citations 13 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, Post-COVID-19 symptoms in a community sample: Exploratory study in two Chilean cities, 2023–2024(Elsevier BV, 2025-11) ;Xaviera Molina ;Camila Awad ;Muriel Ramírez-Santana; Loreto Nunez-Franz1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, Seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and social determinants of SARS-CoV-2 in three urban centers of Chile(2022); ; ;Gloria Icaza ;Muriel Ramirez-SantanaRubén Quezada-Gaete<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Seroprevalence studies provide an accurate measure of SARS-CoV-2 spread and the presence of asymptomatic cases. They also provide information on the uneven impact of the pandemic, pointing out vulnerable groups to prioritize which is particularly relevant in unequal societies. However, due to their high cost, they provide limited evidence of spatial spread of the pandemic specially in unequal societies. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Chile and model its spatial risk distribution.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>During Oct–Nov 2020, we conducted a population-based serosurvey in Santiago, Talca, and Coquimbo–La Serena (2493 individuals). We explored the individual association between positive results and socio-economic and health-related variables by logistic regression for complex surveys. Then, using an Empirical Bayesian Kriging model, we estimated the infection risk spatial distribution using individual and census information, and compared these results with official records.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Seroprevalence was 10.4% (95% CI 7.8–13.7%), ranging from 2% (Talca) to 11% (Santiago), almost three times the number officially reported. Approximately 36% of these were asymptomatic, reaching 82% below 15 years old. Seroprevalence was associated with the city of residence, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, contact with confirmed cases (especially at household), and foreign nationality. The spatial model accurately interpolated the distribution of disease risk within the cities finding significant differences in the predicted probabilities of SARS-CoV-2 infection by census zone (IQR 2.5–15.0%), related to population density and education.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Our results underscore the transmission heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 within and across three urban centers of Chile. Socio-economic factors and the outcomes of this seroprevalence study enable us to identify priority areas for intervention. Our methodological approach and results can help guide the design of interdisciplinary strategies for urban contexts, not only for SARS-CoV-2 but also for other communicable diseases.</jats:p> </jats:sec>Scopus© Citations 11 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ultra‐Processed Foods and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Children(Wiley, 2025-09) ;Camila Awad; ; ;Verónica IglesiasMaría Pía MuñozDiets high in ultra-processed foods (UPF) have been associated with negative health outcomes in adults; however, UPF's impact on children's health and their underlying mechanisms remain underexplored, despite the rising prevalence of their intake in younger populations. We aimed to investigate the association between UPF intake and systemic inflammation in primary school children. This study included 450 children aged 7-10 years participating in a birth cohort in Arica, Chile (2023). Using the NOVA food classification system, we calculated the intake of UPF (expressed in %kcal) from a 44-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The associations between UPF intake (exposure) and an array of cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL1 beta, TNF-alpha) were assessed using multiple linear regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates. The mean (SD) UPF intake was 29% (10.5%) of the total energy intake. Some of the associations appeared non-linear; therefore, participants were grouped into tertiles of UPF intake. In adjusted models, a suggestive trend across tertiles was observed for IL-1 beta (trend p-value 0.01). Stratified analyses by age suggested an association between UPF intake and IL-6 in older children (>= 9 years) only (p-value for interaction = 0.02). We found potential associations between UPF intake and cytokine levels in school-aged children. These results may suggest inflammation as a mechanism underlying the adverse health consequences of UPF consumption in children.7Scopus© Citations 5
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