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    Adherence to an Early Exercise Plan Promotes Visceral Fat Loss in the First Month Following Bariatric Surgery
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-14)
    Johanna Pino-Zuñiga
    ;
    Paloma Lillo-Urzua
    ;
    Mariela Olivares-Galvez
    ;
    Ana Palacio-Aguero
    ;
    Juan Camilo Duque
      3Scopus© Citations 2
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    Early developmental screening tools constructed in Latin American countries: umbrella review
    (Publicidad Permanyer, SLU, 2025-04-09)
    SCHONHAUT BERMAN, LUISA  
    ;
    Antonia Valdés
    ;
    Ilan Oppenheimer
    ;
    Antonio Rizzoli-Córdoba
    ;
    Rolando Rivera
      2Scopus© Citations 2
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    Use of an Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop System During Marathon Running: Case Examples and Clinical Implications
    (Wiley, 2025-02-28)
    María T. Onetto
    ;
    Denise Montt‐Blanchard
    ;
    Cari Berget
    ;
    Kristel Strodhoff
    ;
    Bruno Grassi
    Maintaining glucose levels in the target range during aerobic training and athletic competition is especially difficult. The use of Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) technology is increasing, but exercise continues to be a challenge for persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this case report series, we present 3 cases (C1, C2 and C3) of persons with T1D who used the MiniMed 780G during marathon races. We describe the strategies they used before, during and after the race to manage their glycaemia as well as the results of these strategies on their glycaemic control during the race.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The Medtronic CareLink platform was employed to remotely access insulin pump settings and glycaemic outcomes. Race parameters were obtained from sport watches. Supplemental data were obtained through interviews.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Carelink data for Cases 1, 2, and 3 before the race were downloaded: Time in range (TIR) 70–180 mg/dL 89%, 76%, 82%; time above range (TAR) &gt; 180 mg/dL, 9%, 20%, 16%; time below range (TBR) &lt; 70 mg/dL, 1%, 4%, 1%, respectively. The breakfast insulin reduction percentages were −25%, 0%, and 0% for C1, C2, and C3, respectively. In all three cases, insulin dose reduction was applied to the pre‐race snack at percentages of −50%, −100% and −83%. The consumption of carbohydrates during the race was 0.39 g/kg/hour, 0.42 g/kg/hour, and 0.5 g/kg/hour, respectively. The total amount of carbohydrates consumed was 101 g, 120 g, and 115 g, respectively. Throughout the race, a temporary target was used for all cases.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>These cases provide insights for healthcare professionals who assist athletes with T1D using AID systems during prolonged physical activities. Highlighting the significance of specialised education, planning, and personalised approaches.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      4
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    Patterns of brain activity in choice or instructed go and no-go tasks
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-21)
    Sanaz Attaripour Isfahani
    ;
    Patrick McGurrin
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    VIAL UNDURRAGA, FELIPE AGUSTIN  
    ;
    Mark Hallett
    The goal of this study was to investigate the decision making process for choosing what movements to make. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate patterns of the contingent negative variation (CNV) associated with free-choice decisions to move or abstain, comparing them to conditions where actions were commanded. Our primary hypothesis was that choice tasks would differ significantly from each other and exhibit EEG patterns akin to their command-driven counterparts after the decisions were made, at least, in the 50 ms block of time prior to movement. A secondary analysis evaluated post hoc comparisons of time, in 50 ms blocks, to understand the temporal development of the CNV for each condition. We also conducted an exploratory analysis of EEG event-related desynchronization (ERD) to identify patterns of brain activity associated with the decision-making process. This approach was taken due to the exploratory nature of our hypotheses concerning the spatial and temporal characteristics of EEG activity during these free-choice versus commanded tasks. We studied 12 right-handed healthy volunteers (7 women, mean age 53 years, range 39–73 years) with no prior history of neurological or major psychiatric illness. A CNV paradigm encompassing commanded and choice tasks was devised, with a 2500 ms interval between S1 and S2, while recording EEG and electromyography (EMG). S1 provided full information about the upcoming task, which was to be executed at the time of S2. We assessed CNV and explored whole scalp EEG activity, including both voltage as well as power in the alpha and beta frequency ranges. Clear and similar CNVs were observed for command and choice go tasks prior to the movements, contrasting with near-zero CNVs for the command and choice no-go tasks. Separation of CNVs for command go and no-go tasks occurred around 1600 ms post-S1, and choice CNVs separated about 2150 ms post-S1. Exploratory analysis revealed that beta power provided information about decision and preparation processes much earlier. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) exhibited the initial sign of decision approximately 500 ms post-S1 for all tasks, with subsequent preparation for movement or restraint involving distinct activity in various brain regions. The localization of effects in the left DLPFC was determined by visual analysis of the informative electrode sites. The CNVs separate about 2 s after S1, and it appears that this process represents preparation for movement (or no movement). Exploration of the beta activity suggests an earlier decision process which leads eventually to subsequent task preparation and activation. Choice decisions lag slightly behind command decisions, with the CNV apparently reflecting motor implementation rather than the decision-making process. In a simple motor task with an exploratory analysis, both commanded and choice-based decisions are rapidly initiated in the left DLPFC. While the CNV distinguishes between go and no-go conditions, it primarily appears to signify preparation for implementation of the task following the earlier decision. Further controlled studies will be needed to confirm these results.
    Scopus© Citations 3  1
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    Scopus© Citations 2  1
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    TGFβ links EBV to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-12)
    Carl Christoph Goetzke
    ;
    Mona Massoud
    ;
    Stefan Frischbutter
    ;
    Gabriela Maria Guerra
    ;
    Marta Ferreira-Gomes
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In a subset of children and adolescents, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a severe acute hyperinflammatory shock<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) at four to eight weeks after infection. MIS-C is characterized by a specific T cell expansion<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and systemic hyperinflammation<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>. The pathogenesis of MIS-C remains largely unknown. Here we show that acute MIS-C is characterized by impaired reactivation of virus-reactive memory T cells, which depends on increased serum levels of the cytokine TGFβ resembling those that occur during severe COVID-19 (refs. <jats:sup>4,5</jats:sup>). This functional impairment in T cell reactivity is accompanied by the presence of TGFβ-response signatures in T cells, B cells and monocytes along with reduced antigen-presentation capabilities of monocytes, and can be reversed by blocking TGFβ. Furthermore, T cell receptor repertoires of patients with MIS-C exhibit expansion of T cells expressing TCRVβ21.3, resembling Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-reactive T cell clones capable of eliminating EBV-infected B cells. Additionally, serum TGFβ in patients with MIS-C can trigger EBV reactivation, which is reversible with TGFβ blockade. Clinically, the TGFβ-induced defect in T cell reactivity correlates with a higher EBV seroprevalence in patients with MIS-C compared with age-matched controls, along with the occurrence of EBV reactivation. Our findings establish a connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 sequelae in children, in which impaired T cell cytotoxicity triggered by TGFβ overproduction leads to EBV reactivation and subsequent hyperinflammation.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 4  2
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    Early prediction of functional mobility severity after stroke: two key milestones
    (2024)
    Patricia Vargas
    ;
    Marcos Maldonado-Diaz
    ;
    Tania Gutiérrez-Panchana
    Scopus© Citations 4
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    Scopus© Citations 3  8
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    Scopus© Citations 2  1
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    Degeneracy in the neurological model of auditory speech repetition
    (2023)
    Noor Sajid
    ;
    GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH  
    ;
    Justyna O. Ekert
    ;
    Diego L. Lorca-Puls
    ;
    Thomas M. H. Hope
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Both classic and contemporary models of auditory word repetition involve at least four left hemisphere regions: primary auditory cortex for processing sounds; pSTS (within Wernicke’s area) for processing auditory images of speech; pOp (within Broca’s area) for processing motor images of speech; and primary motor cortex for overt speech articulation. Previous functional-MRI (fMRI) studies confirm that auditory repetition activates these regions, in addition to many others. Crucially, however, contemporary models do not specify how regions interact and drive each other during auditory repetition. Here, we used dynamic causal modelling, to test the functional interplay among the four core brain regions during single auditory word and pseudoword repetition. Our analysis is grounded in the principle of degeneracy—i.e., many-to-one structure-function relationships—where multiple neural pathways can execute the same function. Contrary to expectation, we found that, for both word and pseudoword repetition, (i) the effective connectivity between pSTS and pOp was predominantly bidirectional and inhibitory; (ii) activity in the motor cortex could be driven by either pSTS or pOp; and (iii) the latter varied both within and between individuals. These results suggest that different neural pathways can support auditory speech repetition. This degeneracy may explain resilience to functional loss after brain damage.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 3  2