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      20  1Scopus© Citations 6
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    Lifestyle Habits and Health Indicators in Migrants and Native Schoolchildren in Chile
    (2021)
    Mónica Suárez-Reyes
    ;
    Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli
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    PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA  
    ;
    Cristian Cofré-Bolados
    ;
    Tito Pizarro
    <jats:p>In Chile, the migrant population has increased in the last years. Migrants adopt behaviors of this new culture, which can have an effect on their health. Contradictory results regarding differences between migrant and native children have been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between nationality with health indicator and lifestyle habits among schoolchildren in Chile. A cross-sectional and observational study with a non-probabilistic sample was conducted in 1033 children (86.4% Chilean and 13.6% migrant) from second to fourth grade of seven public schools from low-income municipalities from the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular folds), handgrip strength, and standing long jump measurements, physical activity, self-esteem and food guidelines accomplishments were determined. Migrant children presented lower body mass index (BMI), Z-BMI, body fat% and waist circumference values; and higher handgrip strength, standing long jump, and more satisfactory compliance with food guidelines than natives (p &lt; 0.05). No significant difference for physical activity and self-esteem was observed. In the adjusted models, migrants presented lower odds for overweight/obesity, risk of abdominal obesity, low handgrip strength and unsatisfactory food guidelines accomplishment in all models (p &lt; 0.05). The nutritional and muscular fitness of migrant children was better than that of the Chilean ones.</jats:p>
      1Scopus© Citations 8  1
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    Scopus© Citations 72  14
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    Transmission dynamics and control of COVID-19 in Chile, March-October, 2020
    (2021)
    Amna Tariq
    ;
    Eduardo A. Undurraga
    ;
    CASTILLO LABORDE, CARLA CECILIA  
    ;
    Katia Vogt-Geisse
    ;
    Ruiyan Luo
    <jats:p>Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in Chile on March 3<jats:sup>rd</jats:sup>, 2020, a total of 513,188 cases, including ~14,302 deaths have been reported in Chile as of November 2<jats:sup>nd</jats:sup>, 2020. Here, we estimate the reproduction number throughout the epidemic in Chile and study the effectiveness of control interventions especially the effectiveness of lockdowns by conducting short-term forecasts based on the early transmission dynamics of COVID-19. Chile’s incidence curve displays early sub-exponential growth dynamics with the deceleration of growth parameter,<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>, estimated at 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 0.8) and the reproduction number,<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>, estimated at 1.8 (95% CI: 1.6, 1.9). Our findings indicate that the control measures at the start of the epidemic significantly slowed down the spread of the virus. However, the relaxation of restrictions and spread of the virus in low-income neighborhoods in May led to a new surge of infections, followed by the reimposition of lockdowns in Greater Santiago and other municipalities. These measures have decelerated the virus spread with<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>estimated at ~0.96 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.98) as of November 2<jats:sup>nd</jats:sup>, 2020. The early sub-exponential growth trend (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>~0.8) of the COVID-19 epidemic transformed into a linear growth trend (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>~0.5) as of July 7<jats:sup>th</jats:sup>, 2020, after the reimposition of lockdowns. While the broad scale social distancing interventions have slowed the virus spread, the number of new COVID-19 cases continue to accrue, underscoring the need for persistent social distancing and active case detection and isolation efforts to maintain the epidemic under control.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 45  1
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    Changes in rates of psychiatric beds and prison populations in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020
    (2022)
    Adrian P Mundt
    ;
    Sabine Delhey Langerfeldt
    ;
    J Maphisa Maphisa
    ;
    Oumar Sourabié
    ;
    Blaise Nguendo Yongsi
    Scopus© Citations 6  1
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    COVID-19 vaccine trials with children: ethics pointers
    (2022)
    Caesar Alimisnya Atuire
    ;
    Sofía P Salas
    ;
    Katharine Wright
    ;
    J Radeino Ambe
    ;
    Jantina de Vries
    <jats:p>As healthcare authorities around the world strive to get as many citizens as possible vaccinated against the SAR-CoV-2 virus, many countries have begun including children in the population groups to be vaccinated. Properly designed clinical trials involving children are important to ensure safety, efficacy, and dosage of therapies in (developing) children. Within the complex health, social, and political scenario of the ongoing pandemic, ethics committees and policy makers in low-income and middle-income settings need to consider additional ethical questions when called on to review phase III COVID-19 vaccine trials involving in children. We set out some of the ethical questions to keep in mind before, during, and after the implementation of phase III COVID-19 vaccine trials in limited resource settings. Specifically, we discuss and offer succinct answers to the following questions: How relevant will the trial vaccine be for the population participating in the trial? Should vaccines that have not been approved for use among adults be approved for use in trials with children? Which children should be involved in COVID-19 vaccine trials? What criteria of informed consent are to be adopted with minors? Placebo versus an existing already approved vaccine? What specific duties of ancillary care should be taken into consideration for COVID-19 vaccines especially in low-income and middle-income countries? The answers we offer are considerations that can serve as ‘things to think about’ when reviewing or implementing COVID-19 trials involving children in low-income settings.</jats:p>
      7Scopus© Citations 9
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