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Socioeconomic inequalities in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional analysis of income poverty
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-05-07)
DELGADO BECERRA, OROZIMBA IRIS
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Sushma Dahal
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MATUTE WILLEMSEM, MARIA ISABEL
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RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA
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Svenn-Erik Mamelund
The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented economic crisis, intensifying poverty levels in Latin America, particularly in Chile. This study examines the short- and long-term socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on income poverty in Chile, focusing on regional disparities, rurality, ethnicity, educational attainment, and immigration. Using data from the Chile National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) for 2017, 2020, and 2022, we analyzed poverty trends across the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. We employed spatial clustering techniques with Local Moran’s I to detect poverty hotspots and applied logistic regression models to identify key sociodemographic factors associated with these hotspots. Our results reveal stark regional disparities, with disproportionately higher poverty rates among rural populations, Indigenous communities, and individuals with lower education levels or immigrant backgrounds. The proportion of individuals in poverty hotspots rose from 6.8% in 2017 to 8.6% in 2020, before slightly declining to 7.7% in 2022. Although emergency monetary subsidies helped reduce overall poverty from 10.8% in 2020 to 6.5% in 2022, these measures were insufficient to address deep-rooted structural inequalities. Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, long-term policies that go beyond temporary financial assistance and tackle systemic disparities linked to rurality, ethnicity, education, and immigration. Such measures are essential for achieving sustainable poverty reduction and fostering inclusive economic growth in Chile.
Scopus© Citations 1 1
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Unravelling the potential relationship between the climate crisis and the health of migrant children in LAC: perceptions from migrant parents and healthcare professionals in Chile
(BMJ, 2024-12)
CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA ANGELICA
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Alice Bluckaz
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the regions most affected by the climate crisis, which is connected to international migration through a complex nexus. During the last years, migratory flows on the continent have increasingly included children and adolescents who are migrating through non-authorised crossing points. The existing literature shows how inequities negatively affect migrant children and the role that healthcare systems can play to mitigate them.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>Based on a qualitative study, the paper aims to analyse the role of the climate crisis on the healthcare needs of migrant children from LAC who are currently living in Chile, from the point of view of parents from five main countries of immigration in Chile and healthcare professionals.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>An exploratory study was conducted in Arica, Antofagasta and Santiago. In-depth interviews with 20 migrant parents and 20 healthcare professionals were carried out. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was performed.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Three findings emerged from this study: (1) food insecurity affects LAC migrant children in their country of origin and during their migratory trajectories to Chile, (2) natural disasters and environmental degradation in the countries of origin are not the only drivers of migration for LAC families but also prevent returns, even when they remain undocumented and (3) LAC migrant children are exposed to urban pollution and contaminants in informal settlements due to difficulties in accessing formal housing, among others.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The climate crisis must be integrated into the study of migrant health in LAC, considering the current context of multiple political, health and economic crises in the region. Healthcare professionals and communities play a central role in creating interventions to build sustainable and resilient universal healthcare systems.</jats:p></jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 1 1
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Diferencias de género y percepción de desinformación en el consumo informativo de comunidades migrantes en Chile
(2024)
SIBRIAN DIAZ, NAIRBIS DESIREE
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Jesús Villafañe Núñez
<jats:p>Estudios han constatado que el tratamiento informativo es clave en la experiencia de migración, y que el acceso a información o desinformación genera brechas de conocimiento que repercuten en sus formas de inclusión. Asimismo, el consumo informativo presenta diferenciaciones que, al cruzarse con la condición migratoria, podrían acentuarse. Por tanto, la pregunta es: ¿qué diferencias de género presenta el consumo informativo y la percepción de desinformación en comunidades migrantes en Chile? El objetivo es analizar diferencias de género en el consumo de noticias y la percepción de desinformación en personas migrantes. Para ello, se recurre a un enfoque mixto, aplicando 1020 encuestas y 10 entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos advierten que mientras las mujeres se inclinan por las redes sociales, los hombres acuden a medios digitales. La motivación de ellas al informarse es ayudar a otras personas, mientras que ellos buscan mantenerse actualizados. La recepción de desinformación sobre migración es generalizada y se reporta mayor afectación en mujeres migrantes.</jats:p>
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Modeling the Spread of Tuberculosis in Semiclosed Communities
(2013)
HERRERA MARÍN, MAURICIO RENÉ
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BOSCH PÉREZ, PAUL JESÚS
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NÁJERA, MANUEL
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AGUILERA SANHUEZA, XIMENA PAZ
We address the problem of long-term dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis (LTB) in semiclosed communities. These communities are congregate settings with the potential for sustained daily contact for weeks, months, and even years between their members. Basic examples of these communities are prisons, but certain urban/rural communities, some schools, among others could possibly fit well into this definition. These communities present a sort of ideal conditions for TB spread. In order to describe key relevant dynamics of the disease in these communities, we consider a five compartments SEIR model with five possible routes toward TB infection: primary infection after a contact with infected and infectious individuals (fast TB), endogenous reactivation after a period of latency (slow TB), relapse by natural causes after a cure, exogenous reinfection of latently infected, and exogenous reinfection of recovered individuals. We discuss the possible existence of multiple endemic equilibrium states and the role that the two types of exogenous reinfections in the long-term dynamics of the disease could play.
Scopus© Citations 15 1
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Immigration, perceived discrimination and mental health: evidence from Venezuelan population living in Peru
(2021)
Benoît Mougenot
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Elard Amaya
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Edward Mezones-Holguin
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Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>The association between international migration and mental health is conditioned to several factors, and discrimination may play a significant role. Currently, Peru is one of the principal Venezuelan migrant-receiving countries in Latin America. There are around one million Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the country. This study evaluates the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems in Venezuelan population living in Peru.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Method</jats:title> <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru Survey 2018, a nationally representative urban sample aimed at collecting information on several dimensions of Venezuelan population wellbeing. We applied logistic regression models to assess the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems. Moreover, we applied the propensity score matching method as a robustness check of our results.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Of 9487 Venezuelans surveyed, 6806 included complete information. From this sample, 6.3% reported mental health problems related to fear, anger, anxiety, or stress. Logistic regression models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against had 2.4 higher odds of presenting mental health problems than their non-discriminated counterparts. Moreover, propensity score matching models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against increased by 3.5 percentage points their probability of presenting mental health problems compared to their non-discriminated counterparts.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>There is evidence that self-perceived discrimination is associated with mental health deterioration in Venezuelan migrants living in Peru. Our findings are relevant in the current geopolitical context and could be useful in the decision making processes in international health.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 41 1
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Meaning of the experience of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in immigrant women in Chile
(2020)
Baeza, Fernanda
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Cilveti, Carla
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Fernández, María Ignacia
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Purcell, Valentina
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Vásquez, Catalina
10
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Do immigrants increase crime? Spatial analysis in a middle-income country
(2020)
Mauricio Leiva
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VÁSQUEZ LAVÍN , FELIPE ANTONIO
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PONCE OLIVA, ROBERTO DANIEL
2Scopus© Citations 36
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Conocimiento, acceso y uso del sistema de salud en adolescentes migrantes en Chile: resultados de un estudio exploratorio
(2020)
OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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Felipe Hasen
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
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Cettina D'Angelo
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Sylvia Santander
<bold>Objetivo.</bold> Identificar el conocimiento, acceso y uso del sistema de salud por parte de adolescentes migrantes, y las barreras para el acceso y uso del sistema de salud en dicha población en Chile. <bold>Métodos.</bold> Estudio exploratorio observacional, de corte transversal, aplicado en jornada participativa con adolescentes migrantes (N=30) de tres comunas de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile. Estudio multimétodos. Se aplicó una encuesta basal sobre el proceso migratorio y las experiencias en el sistema de salud, con análisis descriptivo de datos. Desde lo cualitativo, se realizaron grupos de discusión (n=5) y talleres participativos (n=2) con adolescentes migrantes. <bold>Resultados.</bold> El 60% de adolescentes afirmó desconocer si está inscrito en el sistema de salud, y la mitad no lo ha utilizado. Se identificó que el tiempo de residencia es un factor relevante para el uso efectivo de algunas prestaciones de salud. Se reconocieron barreras administrativas para acceder al sistema de salud, como situación migratoria, percepción de obligatoriedad de compañía de adultos, y experiencias de discriminación en la atención. Se identificaron necesidades específicas en salud sexual y reproductiva, como acceso a preservativos, y salud mental en relación a la atención de especialistas. Como facilitadores del acceso y uso se destacaron las experiencias de buen trato, y la presencia del sector salud en las escuelas. <bold>Conclusiones.</bold> Se identificó desconocimiento del sistema de salud, y diversas barreras de acceso y uso de este por parte de adolescentes migrantes. En base a los resultados se proponen recomendaciones generales para el país y la región referidas a la promoción de la salud de este grupo.
1Scopus© Citations 19

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