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Prevalence of Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants from an Urban, Low-Income Population in Chile: A Cohort Study
(MDPI AG, 2025-05-29)
Sylvia Cruchet
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María Eugenia Arancibia
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MATURANA PEREA, ANDRES
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Pamela Marchant
;
Lorena Rodríguez
Background. Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infancy, with prevalence estimates of 0.5–7.5% in high-income countries. Data from low- and middle-income regions remain limited, and the predominant immune mechanism (IgE or non-IgE mediated) may vary across populations. Objective. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CMA in infants from an urban, low-income Chilean population. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Padre Hurtado Hospital in Santiago, Chile. Healthy term newborns were recruited and followed for up to 12 months. Sociodemographic, perinatal data and parental atopy were recorded. Parents were contacted monthly to screen for CMA symptoms. Infants with ≥two symptoms underwent clinical evaluation, a 4-week cow’s milk protein exclusion diet, and an open oral food challenge (OFC). Diagnosis followed international consensus guidelines. Results. Of 552 enrolled infants (48% male), 27 were diagnosed with CMA, yielding a prevalence of 4.9% (95% CI 3.1–7.0%). All cases exhibited non-IgE-mediated symptoms, including vomiting, dermatitis, colic, and perianal erythema. CMA was diagnosed before 6 months of age in 74% of cases. At 12 months, 40% had developed oral tolerance. Sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics were similar between groups, but some self-reported parental atopic traits were more frequent in CMA cases. Conclusions. CMA prevalence in this Chilean cohort was comparable to that reported in high-income countries, with a predominance of non-IgE-mediated forms. These findings support the need for standardized diagnostic protocols, including OFC, in diverse populations. Future studies should explore long-term outcomes and risk factors in non-IgE-mediated CMA.</jats:p>
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Enfoque clínico del paciente con síndrome de Stevens-Johnson y necrólisis epidérmica tóxica. Parte I: Epidemiología, Diagnóstico y Factores Pronósticos
(SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), 2025-04)
Nelson Lobos
;
Fernando Valenzuela
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Monserrat Molgó
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Valeska López
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PALISSON ETCHARREN, FRANCIS
Scopus© Citations 1 8
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Concordance of Helicobacter pylori Detection Methods in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents
(MDPI AG, 2025-03-04)
Camila Cabrera
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Yanira Campusano
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Joaquín Torres
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Dinka Ivulic
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Valeria Galvez
Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection globally, acquired mostly during childhood. It is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Due to challenges in culturing H. pylori, diagnostic reference standards often rely on combining ≥2 non-culture, biopsy-based methods. Histology with Giemsa staining is widely used in clinical settings due to its low cost and reliable performance. Methods: This study evaluated the concordance between histology with Giemsa staining as the reference standard and other diagnostic methods, including the rapid urease test (RUT), ureA RT-PCR, 16S sequencing, and anti-H. pylori serum IgG. Positive percent of agreement (PPA), negative percent of agreement (NPA) and concordance kappa index were calculated. Results: A total of 120 patients (41 positive and 79 negative by Giemsa staining) were analyzed. Among the methods tested, RT-PCR for ureA showed the best performance (PPA = 94.7%, NPA = 98.6%, kappa = 0.939), while RUT underperformed compared with expectations (PPA = 65.9%, NPA = 97.5%, kappa = 0.681). Serology had the lowest performance (PPA = 53.7%, NPA = 96.1%, kappa = 0.548). Conclusions: The combination of histology with Giemsa staining and ureA RT-PCR achieved the highest detection rate and strongest agreement.</jats:p>
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Bullying Victimization and Subjective Well-Being in 10- and 12-year-Old Children from 24 Countries: The Buffering Effect of Family and Teacher Support
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-21)
Xavier Oriol
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Rafael Miranda
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VARELA TORRES, JORGE JAVIER
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Nuria Garcia
Bullying victimization in children is a recognized public health concern in many countries worldwide. Specifically, studies have consistently demonstrated that bullying victimization is one of the indicators that most significantly and negatively influences the subjective well-being (SWB) of children. Following this assumption, a study was conducted to examine the impact of bullying victimization on subjective well-being among 75,877 students aged 10 and 12 years across 24 countries. Additionally, the moderating role of support from teachers and family members in the relationship between bullying victimization and subjective well-being was investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results show that, in many countries, there is an interaction effect of both family support and teacher support figures in both age groups (10 and 12 years). However, significant variability in these interaction effects was observed across countries, and in some countries, no moderating effect was detected. Specifically, in the 12-year-old group, a larger number of countries show no interaction effect from any adult support figure in the relationship between bullying victimization and SWB. The findings are discussed with a focus on the buffering effects of both types of support, the variability observed across countries, and the practical implications of these results.
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An Intersectional Approach to the Understandings of Well-being of Latin American Adolescent Migrants Living in Barcelona-Spain
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-08)
Gisela Carrillo
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Moisés Carmona
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ALFARO INZUNZA, JAIME ANDRES
>Research on adolescent migrants has prioritized deficit- and adaptation-based approaches, with scarce attention to non-pathologizing perspectives. Faced with this challenge, the study of this population’s understanding of well-being was articulated as a framework capable of strengthening the available knowledge. Qualitative studies on understandings of well-being have contributed to its perception as contextual, multifaceted and changing (Fattore et al., 2021). However, as Hunner-Kreisel and März (<jats:italic>Child Indicators Research, 12</jats:italic>(2), 425–442, 2019) posit, progress is still required in integrating critical perspectives. Considering this gap, incorporating the intersectional approach allowed the present study to learn about the understandings of well-being from a critical perspective, with a focus on the experiences in the new local space, elaborated by Latin American adolescent migrants living in Barcelona. These understandings were analyzed and articulated following the proposal of Winker and Degele (<jats:italic>European Journal of Women’s Studies, 18</jats:italic>(1), 51–66, 2011), organized in the levels: identity constructions, symbolic representations and social structures. For the case of adolescent migrants, exploring understandings of well-being from this critical analytical approach strengthens a contextual and historically situated understanding by making oppressions and agencies visible. A qualitative design was used that included semi-structured interviews and the use of photographs as triggers for dialogue with 10 participants between 11 and 18 years of age. The results identify and describe four central understandings of well-being that Latin American adolescent migrants, participants in the study, construct around their new local space: (1) Process of transformations (new identifications, differentiations, belongings) and facing challenges as experiences that enhance a positive sense of self, by perceiving capabilities and growth; (2) Nuclear and extended family as a space of continuity and emotional support; (3) Development of reflective capacity, in terms of comparative analysis between the territory of origin and the new one, generating a sense of understanding of the world and evaluations of present and future living conditions; and (4) Practices that challenge social asymmetry: agency, oriented to include difference; recognition of the relevance of bonds and social support, of linguistic integration and of the inclusive functioning of the school system. This study contributes to advancing critical perspectives on well-being, challenging universalist and psychologistic approaches. The findings offer practical insights for the design of psychosocial interventions and inclusive policies that strengthen adolescents’ agency, promote their inclusion, and address the complex challenges faced by migrant youth in transnational contexts.
3
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Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Isolated From Latin American Children and Adolescents (2008–2023): A Systematic Review
(2024)
Camila Cabrera
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Joaquín Torres
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Carolina A. Serrano
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Paulina Gallardo
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Vicente Orellana
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Latin America has a high prevalence of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori</jats:italic> in children that may lead to peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer in adulthood. Successful eradication is hindered by rising antimicrobial resistance. We summarize <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> resistance rates in Latin American children from 2008 to 2023.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist to assess risk of bias (PROSPERO CRD42024517108) that included original cross‐sectional observational studies reporting resistance to commonly used antibiotics in Latin American children and adolescents. We searched in PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Of 51 studies, 45 were excluded. The quality of the six analyzed studies (297 <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic>‐positive samples) was satisfactory. Phenotypic methods (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 3) reported higher resistance rates than genotypic studies (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 3). Clarithromycin resistance ranged from 8.0% to 26.7% (6 studies; 297 samples), metronidazole from 1.9% to 40.2% (4 studies; 211 samples), amoxicillin from 0% to 10.4% (3 studies; 158 samples), tetracycline resistance was not detected (3 studies; 158 samples), and levofloxacin resistance was 2.8% (1 study; 36 samples).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Scarce Latin American studies on <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> resistance, along with methodological heterogeneity, hinder conclusive findings. Clarithromycin and metronidazole (first‐line drugs) resistance is worrisome, likely impacting lower eradication rates. Urgent systematic surveillance or individual testing before treatment is necessary to enhance eradication.</jats:p></jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 3 4
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Performance evaluation of paediatric propofol pharmacokinetic models in healthy young children
(2011)
P. Sepúlveda
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L.I. Cortínez
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C. Sáez
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A. Penna
;
S. Solari
8Scopus© Citations 70
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Genomic analysis of mitochondrial diseases in a consanguineous population reveals novel candidate disease genes
(2012)
Hanan E Shamseldin
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Muneera Alshammari
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Tarfa Al-Sheddi
;
Mustafa A Salih
;
Hisham Alkhalidi
7Scopus© Citations 164
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Recommendations for the management of candidemia in children in Latin America
(2013)
María E. Santolaya
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Flavio de Queiroz Telles
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Tito Alvarado Matute
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Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
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Jeannete Zurita
6Scopus© Citations 13
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Continuous EPO receptor activator therapy of anemia in children under peritoneal dialysis
(2011)
Francisco Cano
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Claudia Alarcon
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Marta Azocar
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Carolina Lizama
;
Ana Maria Lillo
Scopus© Citations 23 1

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