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    Diet quality of Chilean schoolchildren: How is it linked to adherence to dietary guidelines?
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-02-06)
    PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA  
    ;
    Jacqueline Araneda Flores
    ;
    QUINTILIANO SCARPELLI DOURADO , DAIANA APARECIDA  
    ;
    Tito Pizarro Quevedo
    ;
    Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira
    In Chile, the prevalence of overweight among schoolchildren over the age of 5 is approximately 50%, one of the highest in the Americas region. This is largely influenced by the presence of inadequate food environments, characterized by limited access to healthy foods and a high availability of highly processed foods (HPF). This study analyzes food consumption in Chilean schoolchildren and the association of this with the Chilean Dietary Guidelines Based on Foods (DGBF) and the HPF consumption.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Material and methods</jats:title> <jats:p>The sample (1,094 schoolchildren) was obtained from the baseline of the FONDEF IT18I0016 project, in Santiago-Chile. Anthropometry and socioeconomic data were measured. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative frequency survey featuring images of food groups aligned with DGBF, as well as HPF. All data were collected by trained professional nutritionists. Associations between dependent and independent variables, and potential confounding factors were calculated using logistic regression models with stepwise backward/forward. A p &lt; 0.05 was accepted as significant, using Stata 16.0. <jats:p>Most of the students (54.1%) were with malnutrition by excess and 20.0% exhibited abdominal obesity. Twenty percent of the students met the recommended intake for DGBF (fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products, legumes, water) and less than 5% did not consume any HPF. Consuming some sub-groups of HPF in moderate quantities (either no consumption or occasional consumption) increases the likelihood of meeting DGBF: candies and sweets (OR: 0.72; p = 0.04), pies with or without filling (OR: 0.63; p = 0.01), and salted snacks (OR: 0.67; p = 0.02).</jats:p> Conclusion Our results contribute to reaffirm the need to enhance healthy food consumption among schoolchildren and to discourage the intake of HPF, particularly focusing on specific sub-groups of HPF that may increase the risk of displacing the consumption of food groups recommended by the DGBF.</jats:p>
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    Neck Circumference Cut-Off Points for Identifying Adiposity: Association with Chronic Metabolic Diseases in Older People
    (2024)
    Dominique A. Díaz
    ;
    Lydia Lera
    ;
    Carlos Márquez
    ;
    Andrea Valenzuela
    ;
    Rodrigo Saguez
    <jats:p>Background: The leading cause of death in older people is cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have found that neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric marker associated with adiposity. The aim of this study is to estimate and validate NC cut-off points as adiposity markers and analyze their association with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases in older people. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 358 non-disabled, community-dwelling older people (71.7 ± 3.9 years) living in Santiago de Chile and participating in the HTSMayor study was conducted. Measurements of body composition and cardiovascular risks were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of NC with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases. NC cut-off points were obtained to predict obesity, abdominal obesity, and adiposity. Results: The best performance values of neck circumference relative to obesity and adiposity were obtained with respect to abdominal obesity (40.6 cm in men and 34.2 cm in women). Higher NC values were associated with a higher area under the curve (AUC) for men and women (men: AUC = 0.84; women: AUC = 0.86). NC was significantly associated with a higher risk for diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.95), hypertension (OR = 2.42), acute myocardial infarction (OR = 4.36), and comorbidities (OR = 2.01), and a lower risk for sarcopenia (OR = 0.35). Conclusions: This study shows that NC is a useful tool for detecting abdominal obesity, obesity, and adiposity in older people and that a higher NC increases the risk of chronic diseases.</jats:p>
      1Scopus© Citations 5
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    Lifestyle Habits and Health Indicators in Migrants and Native Schoolchildren in Chile
    (2021)
    Mónica Suárez-Reyes
    ;
    Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli
    ;
    PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA  
    ;
    Cristian Cofré-Bolados
    ;
    Tito Pizarro
    <jats:p>In Chile, the migrant population has increased in the last years. Migrants adopt behaviors of this new culture, which can have an effect on their health. Contradictory results regarding differences between migrant and native children have been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between nationality with health indicator and lifestyle habits among schoolchildren in Chile. A cross-sectional and observational study with a non-probabilistic sample was conducted in 1033 children (86.4% Chilean and 13.6% migrant) from second to fourth grade of seven public schools from low-income municipalities from the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular folds), handgrip strength, and standing long jump measurements, physical activity, self-esteem and food guidelines accomplishments were determined. Migrant children presented lower body mass index (BMI), Z-BMI, body fat% and waist circumference values; and higher handgrip strength, standing long jump, and more satisfactory compliance with food guidelines than natives (p &lt; 0.05). No significant difference for physical activity and self-esteem was observed. In the adjusted models, migrants presented lower odds for overweight/obesity, risk of abdominal obesity, low handgrip strength and unsatisfactory food guidelines accomplishment in all models (p &lt; 0.05). The nutritional and muscular fitness of migrant children was better than that of the Chilean ones.</jats:p>
      1Scopus© Citations 8  1
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      13  1Scopus© Citations 40
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    Higher Abdominal Adiposity Is Associated With Lower Muscle Strength in Chilean Adults
    (2022)
    Ana Cristina Palacio
    ;
    Ximena Díaz-Torrente
    ;
    Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli  
    <jats:p>Handgrip strength (HGS) is a well-established indicator of muscle strength and a reasonable clinical predictor of metabolic health and diseases. This study explores the association between relative muscular strength and abdominal obesity (AO) in healthy Chilean adults. A convenience sample was recruited (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 976) between 2018 and 2020. The HGS was determined by dynamometry. The anthropometry (weight, height, waist, and mid-arm circumference) and physical activity were also measured. The relative HGS (RHGS) was calculated by dividing the maximum HGS of the dominant hand by the body mass index. The AO was defined as a waist circumference (WC) &amp;gt;88 cm for women, and &amp;gt;102 cm for men. From the sample, 52.6% were women, 56.4% had excessive weight, and 42.7% had AO. The absolute and RHGS were greater in men compared to women (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and were decreased with age in both sexes. We observed a moderate negative correlation between WC and RHGS (<jats:italic>rho</jats:italic> = −0.54, and <jats:italic>rho</jats:italic> = −0.53, for men and women, respectively). The RHGS was lower in individuals with AO, independent of age and sex (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). For each cm increase in WC, the odds of low RHGS (&amp;lt;25th percentile) increased by 12 and 9% for men and women, respectively. The AO is related to higher odds for low RHGS (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.23–2.41). In our sample of healthy adults, a higher AO was associated with a lower muscle strength measured by dynamometry.</jats:p>
      8  1Scopus© Citations 10
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      10  1Scopus© Citations 17
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    The descriptive epidemiology of sitting in Chilean adults: Results from the National Health Survey 2009-2010
    (2019)
    Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
    ;
    Pia Martino-Fuentealba
    ;
    Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan
    ;
    Damian Chandia-Poblete
    ;
    Carlos A. Celis-Morales
      5Scopus© Citations 6
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    Scopus© Citations 5  2