CRIS

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://investigadores.udd.cl/handle/123456789/1

Browse

Settings

Language: search.filters.language.EnglishSubject: search.filters.subject.prevalence

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Frontotemporal Dementias in Latin America: History, Epidemiology, Genetics, and Clinical Research
    (2021)
    Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra
    ;
    BEHRENS PELLEGRINO, MARIA ISABEL  
    ;
    Mirna Lie Hosogi
    ;
    Lucia Montero
    ;
    Teresa Torralva
    <jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:</jats:bold> The historical development, frequency, and impact of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are less clear in Latin America than in high-income countries. Although there is a growing number of dementia studies in Latin America, little is known collectively about FTD prevalence studies by country, clinical heterogeneity, risk factors, and genetics in Latin American countries.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> A systematic review was completed, aimed at identifying the frequency, clinical heterogeneity, and genetics studies of FTD in Latin American populations. The search strategies used a combination of standardized terms for FTD and related disorders. In addition, at least one author per Latin American country summarized the available literature. Collaborative or regional studies were reviewed during consensus meetings.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> The first FTD reports published in Latin America were mostly case reports. The last two decades marked a substantial increase in the number of FTD research in Latin American countries. Brazil (165), Argentina (84), Colombia (26), and Chile (23) are the countries with the larger numbers of FTD published studies. Most of the research has focused on clinical and neuropsychological features (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 247), including the local adaptation of neuropsychological and behavioral assessment batteries. However, there are little to no large studies on prevalence (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 4), biomarkers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9), or neuropathology (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 3) of FTD.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:</jats:bold> Future FTD studies will be required in Latin America, albeit with a greater emphasis on clinical diagnosis, genetics, biomarkers, and neuropathological studies. Regional and country-level efforts should seek better estimations of the prevalence, incidence, and economic impact of FTD syndromes.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 10  1
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Isolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Type
    (2021)
    Constanza Díaz-Gavidia
    ;
    Carla Barría
    ;
    RIVAS JIMENEZ, LINA MARIA  
    ;
    Patricia García
    ;
    Francisca P. Alvarez
    <jats:p>The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from water used for crop irrigation to vegetables is poorly studied. During a year, five farmer markets in a city in Central Chile were visited, and 478 vegetable samples (parsleys, corianders, celeries, lettuces, chards, and beets) were collected. Simultaneously, 32 water samples were collected from two rivers which are used to irrigate the vegetables produced in the area. Resistant Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. Colistin resistance gene <jats:italic>mcr-1</jats:italic> and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were molecularly detected. The association of environmental factors was evaluated, with the outcomes being the presence of Enterobacterales resistant to four antibiotic families and the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Parsley, coriander, and celery showed the highest prevalence of resistant Enterobacterales (41.9% for ciprofloxacin and 18.5% for ceftazidime). A total of 155 isolates were obtained, including <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=109), <jats:italic>Citrobacter</jats:italic> sp. (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=20), <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae</jats:italic> complex (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=8), <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=8), and <jats:italic>Klebsiella aerogenes</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=1). Resistance to ampicillin (63.2%) and ciprofloxacin (74.2%) was most frequently found; 34.5% of the isolates showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and the MDR phenotype represented 51.6% of the isolates. In two <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> isolates (1.29%), the gene <jats:italic>mcr-1</jats:italic> was found and ESBL genes were found in 23/62 isolates (37%), with <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M</jats:sub> being the most frequently found in 20 isolates (32%). Resistant Enterobacterales isolated during the rainy season were less likely to be MDR as compared to the dry season. Understanding environmental associations represent the first step toward an improved understanding of the public health impact of ARB in vegetables and water.</jats:p>
      1Scopus© Citations 28
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Higher Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales in Dogs Attended for Enteric Viruses in Brazil Before and After Treatment with Cephalosporins
    (2021)
    Marília Salgado-Caxito
    ;
    Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
    ;
    Antonio Carlos Paes
    ;
    Carlos Shiva
    ;
    MUNITA SEPULVEDA, JOSE MANUEL  
    <jats:p>The extensive use of antibiotics is a leading cause for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among dogs. However, the impact of using antibiotics to treat viral infections on AMR remains unknown. In this study, we compared the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) between dogs with a suspected infection of canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper (CDV) before and after treatment with third-generation cephalosporins. We found a higher prevalence of ESCR-E faecal carriage in dogs suspected of CPV (37%) and CDV (15%) compared to dogs with noninfectious pathologies (9%) even prior to the start of their treatment. A 7-day course of ceftriaxone or ceftiofur administrated to CPV and CDV-suspected dogs substantially increased their ESCR-E faecal carriage during treatment (85% for CPV and 57% for CDV), and 4 weeks after the treatment ended (89% for CPV and 60% for CDV) when dogs were back in their households. Most of the observed resistance was carried by ESCR-E. coli carrying blaCTX-M genes. Our results suggest the need to optimize prophylactic antibiotic therapy in dogs treated for a suspected viral infection to prevent ESCR-E emergence and spread in the community.</jats:p>
      5Scopus© Citations 15
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Tool for Estimating the Probability of Having COVID-19 With 1 or More Negative RT-PCR Results
    (2021)
    Alejandro Jara
    ;
    Eduardo A Undurraga
    ;
    ARAOS BRALIC, RAFAEL IGNACIO  
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Early case detection and isolation of infected individuals are critical to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but false negatives do occur. We built a user-friendly online tool to estimate the probability of having COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR results and thus avoid preventable transmission.</jats:p>
      3Scopus© Citations 1
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease in Chile
    (2021)
    VIAL UNDURRAGA, FELIPE AGUSTIN  
    ;
    DELGADO BECERRA, OROZIMBA IRIS  
    ;
    Francisca Canal
    ;
    IDIAQUEZ RIOS, JUAN FRANCISCO  
    ;
    Pedro Chana-Cuevas
    <jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. There is no epidemiological description of PD in Chile and not many descriptions in Latin America. This study aims to describe the incidence and prevalence of PD in Chile. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The study group was the population on the public health system in Chile between 2010 and 2018 that were registered in the GES system as having PD. Crude and standardized prevalence and incidence were calculated with a 95% confidence interval. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 33,345 patients were found in the register as confirmed cases with PD. The crude incidence in 2018 was 23.7/100,000; the crude prevalence in 2018 was 160.7/100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 1.03. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The prevalence and incidence observed in the Chilean population are consistent with studies from other countries. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 8  114
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Unplanned Readmission Following Early Postoperative Complications After Fusion Surgery in Adult Spine Deformity: A Multicentric Study
    (2021)
    Gaston Camino-Willhuber
    ;
    Alfredo Guiroy
    ;
    Mariano Servidio
    ;
    Nelson Astur
    ;
    Fernando Nin-Vilaró
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design:</jats:title><jats:p> Multicentric retrospective study, Level of evidence III. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:</jats:title><jats:p> The objective of this multicentric study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients treated with fusion. Additionally, we studied the impact of complications on unplanned readmission and hospital length of stay. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> Eight spine centers from 6 countries in Latin America were involved in this study. Patients with adult spinal deformity treated with fusion surgery from 2017 to 2019 were included. Baseline and surgical characteristics such as age, sex, comorbidities, smoking, number of levels fused, number of surgical approaches were analyzed. Postoperative complications at 30 days were recorded according to Clavien-Dindo and Glassman classifications. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> 172 patients (120 females/52 males, mean age 59.4 ± 17.6) were included in our study. 78 patients suffered complications (45%) at 30 days, 43% of these complications were considered major. Unplanned readmission was observed in 35 patients (20,3%). Risk factors for complications were: Smoking, previous comorbidities, number of levels fused, two or more surgical approaches and excessive bleeding. Hospital length of stay in patients without and with complications was of 7.8 ± 13.7 and 17 ± 31.1 days, respectively ( P 0.0001). </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title><jats:p> The prevalence of early postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients treated with fusion was of 45% in our study with 20% of unplanned readmissions at 30 days. Presence of complications significantly increased hospital length of stay. </jats:p></jats:sec>
      2Scopus© Citations 16
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Eco-epidemiology of rodent-associated trombiculid mites and infection with Orientia spp. in Southern Chile
    (2023)
    María Carolina Silva de la Fuente
    ;
    Caricia Pérez
    ;
    Constanza Martínez-Valdebenito
    ;
    Pérez Ball, Ruth
    ;
    VIAL COX, MARIA CECILIA  
    <jats:sec id="sec001"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Scrub typhus is a potentially severe infection caused by bacteria of the genus <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic>, endemic in Asia-Pacific and recently discovered in southern Chile. The presented study aimed to determine the prevalence and species richness of rodent-associated trombiculid mites and their infection with <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic> spp. in different areas of two regions in southern Chile.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Methodology/Principal findings</jats:title> <jats:p>During summer 2020, trombiculid mites were collected from rodents captured in three areas in southern Chile known to be endemic for scrub typhus (Cochamó and Chiloé Island in the Los Lagos Region and Tortel in the Aysén Region). A total of 132 rodents belonging to five species were captured using Sherman-like traps; 89.4% were infested with trombiculids. Mite specimens were morphologically identified and subsequently tested by <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic>-specific qPCR. Six mite species were identified. Among chigger-infested rodents, 33.9% carried <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic>-positive mites; this rate was higher in Tortel (63.8%) than in Cochamó (45.0%) and Chiloé Island (2.0%). The analysis of individual mites (n = 901) revealed that 31.2% of <jats:italic>Herpetacarus antarctica</jats:italic> samples (n = 202) were positive for <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic> DNA; the prevalence was 7.0% in <jats:italic>Paratrombicula neuquenensis</jats:italic> (n = 213), 6.9% in <jats:italic>Herpetacarus eloisae</jats:italic> (n = 144), 3.6% in <jats:italic>Argentinacarus expansus</jats:italic> (n = 55), and 0% in <jats:italic>Paratrombicula goffi</jats:italic> (n = 110) and <jats:italic>Quadraseta chiloensis</jats:italic> (n = 177). The southernmost site (Tortel) showed the highest rates of trombiculid infestation, trombiculid load, and <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic> infection in the captured rodents.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec003"> <jats:title>Conclusions/Significance</jats:title> <jats:p>Our study provides new insights into the trombiculid fauna and prevalence of <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic> in mites collected from wild rodents in southern Chile. <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic> DNA was detected in four of the six mite species. Rates of infestation, mite loads, and <jats:italic>Orientia</jats:italic> prevalences differed geographically and were highest in the Aysén Region. Our data improve our knowledge on possible vectors of scrub typhus and their distribution in Chile.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      1Scopus© Citations 9  2
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    CT Scan in Subaxial Cervical Facet Injury: Is It Enough for Decision-Making?
    (2021)
    Juan P. Cabrera
    ;
    YURAC BARRIENTOS, RATKO JOVAN  
    ;
    Andrei F. Joaquim
    ;
    Alfredo Guiroy
    ;
    Charles A. Carazzo
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design:</jats:title><jats:p> Cross-sectional survey. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:</jats:title><jats:p> Assessment of subaxial cervical facet injuries using the AO Spine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System is based on CT scan findings. However, additional radiological evaluations are not directly considered. The aim of this study is to determine situations in which spine surgeons request additional radiological exams after a facet fracture. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> A survey was sent to AO Spine members from Latin America. The evaluation considered demographic variables, routine use of the Classification, as well as the timepoint at which surgeons requested a cervical MRI, a vascular study, and/ or dynamic radiographs before treatment of facet fractures. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> There was 229 participants, mean age 42.9 ± 10.2 years; 93.4% were men. Orthopedic surgeons 57.6% with 10.7 ± 8.7 years of experience in spine surgery. A total of 86% used the Classification in daily practice. An additional study (MRI/vascular study/and dynamic radiographs) was requested in 53.3%/9.6%/43.7% in F1 facet injuries; 76.0%/20.1%/50.2% in F2; 89.1%/65.1%/28.4% in F3; and 94.8%/66.4%/16.6% in F4. An additional study was frequently required: F1 72.5%, F2 86.9%, F3 94.7%, and F4 96.1%. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p> Spine surgeons generally requested additional radiological evaluations in facet injuries, and MRI was the most common. Dynamic radiographs had a higher prevalence for F1/F2 fractures; vascular studies were more common for F3/F4 especially among surgeons with fewer years of experience. Private hospitals had a lower spine trauma cases/year and requested more MRI and more dynamic radiographs in F1/F2. Neurosurgeons had more vascular studies and dynamic radiographs than orthopedic surgeons in all facet fractures. </jats:p></jats:sec>
      6Scopus© Citations 4