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Language: search.filters.language.EnglishSubject: search.filters.subject.decision making

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    An integrated multi-criteria decision analysis and optimization modeling approach to spatially operational road repair decisions
    (2021)
    Sättar Ezzati
    ;
    PALMA INFANTE, CRISTIAN DERECK  
    ;
    Pete Bettinger
    ;
    Ljusk Ola Eriksson
    ;
    Anjali Awasthi
    In this study, we developed a generic cost-effective approach for spatially explicit decision support involving the allocation of road repair treatments. The approach begins with an assessment of the existing road condition to identify the extent of environmental impacts and to determine road repair regimes in a subjective manner using group-decision making efforts. An integer programming model is then formulated by combining expert opinions with operational costs to guide repair schedules required for each road segment at the operational planning level. To demonstrate model performance, we applied it to a 400 km<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> landscape consisting of 289 km of paved roads in the mountainous region of the Hyrcanian forests in Iran. We assessed sensitivity of the inputs, such as weight verification, budgetary limitations, and rehabilitation weights. The results of the subjective analysis show that 76% of the roads analyzed in these forests must be prioritized to receive treatments as intended for logistical purposes. Incorporating the extent of environmental dimensions into operational costs allows us to generate an optimal tradeoff curve by selecting an appropriate treatment for segments of a road network. The approach demonstrated here can be used to design detailed alternative solutions for addressing spatially-informed road decisions under various terrain conditions.
      4Scopus© Citations 5
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    CRISPR/Cas13-Based Platforms for a Potential Next-Generation Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer through Exosomes Micro-RNA Detection: A Review
    (2021)
    Benjamín Durán-Vinet
    ;
    Karla Araya-Castro
    ;
    CALDERON GIADROSIC, JUAN FRANCISCO  
    ;
    Luis Vergara
    ;
    Helga Weber
    <jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with the second highest mortality rate worldwide. CRC is a heterogenous disease with multiple risk factors associated, including obesity, smoking, and use of alcohol. Of total CRC cases, 60% are diagnosed in late stages, where survival can drop to about 10%. CRC screening programs are based primarily on colonoscopy, yet this approach is invasive and has low patient adherence. Therefore, there is a strong incentive for developing molecular-based methods that are minimally invasive and have higher patient adherence. Recent reports have highlighted the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, as intercellular communication vehicles with a broad cargo, including micro-RNAs (miRNAs). These have been syndicated as robust candidates for diagnosis, primarily for their known activities in cancer cells, including immunoevasion, tumor progression, and angiogenesis, whereas miRNAs are dysregulated by cancer cells and delivered by cancer-derived exosomes (CEx). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has shown good results detecting specific cancer-derived exosome micro-RNAs (CEx-miRNAs) associated with CRC, but qPCR also has several challenges, including portability and sensitivity/specificity issues regarding experiment design and sample quality. CRISPR/Cas-based platforms have been presented as cost-effective, ultrasensitive, specific, and robust clinical detection tools in the presence of potential inhibitors and capable of delivering quantitative and qualitative real-time data for enhanced decision-making to healthcare teams. Thereby, CRISPR/Cas13-based technologies have become a potential strategy for early CRC diagnosis detecting CEx-miRNAs. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas13-based platforms’ ease of use, scalability, and portability also showcase them as a potential point-of-care (POC) technology for CRC early diagnosis. This study presents two potential CRISPR/Cas13-based methodologies with a proposed panel consisting of four CEx-miRNAs, including miR-126, miR-1290, miR-23a, and miR-940, to streamline novel applications which may deliver a potential early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.</jats:p>
      7Scopus© Citations 22
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    Tool for Estimating the Probability of Having COVID-19 With 1 or More Negative RT-PCR Results
    (2021)
    Alejandro Jara
    ;
    Eduardo A Undurraga
    ;
    ARAOS BRALIC, RAFAEL IGNACIO  
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Early case detection and isolation of infected individuals are critical to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but false negatives do occur. We built a user-friendly online tool to estimate the probability of having COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR results and thus avoid preventable transmission.</jats:p>
      3Scopus© Citations 1
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    A Chilean Experience of Telestroke in a COVID-19 Pandemic Year
    (2022)
    Carlos Delfino
    ;
    MAZZON AGURTO, ENRICO  
    ;
    Felipe Jurado Díaz
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    MUÑOZ VENTURELLI, PAULA ANDREA  
    ;
    BRUNSER, ALEJANDRO  
    <jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background and Purpose:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Telemedicine for stroke patients’ care (telestroke [TS]) has grown notably in recent decades and may offer advantages during health crisis. Hospital admissions related to stroke have decreased globally during the COVID-19 pandemic, but scarce information is available regarding the effect of COVID-19 in TS. Using a population-based TS registry, we investigated the impact of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout our TS network in Santiago, Chile. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Stroke codes evaluated after the onset of COVID-19 restrictions in Chile (defined as March 15, 2020) were compared with those evaluated in 2019. We analyzed differences between number of stroke codes, thrombolysis rate, stroke severity, and time from the stroke onset to hospital admission. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We observed that the number of stroke codes and the number of patients undergoing reperfusion therapy did not change significantly (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.669 and 0.415, respectively). No differences were found with respect to the median time from the stroke onset to admission (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.581) or in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.055). The decision-making-to-needle time was significantly shorter in the COVID-19 period (median 5 min [IQR 3–8], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.016), but no significant changes were found at the other times. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study demonstrates the potential of adapting TS to extreme situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the importance of establishing networks that facilitate patient access to quality treatments. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 7  1
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    CT Scan in Subaxial Cervical Facet Injury: Is It Enough for Decision-Making?
    (2021)
    Juan P. Cabrera
    ;
    YURAC BARRIENTOS, RATKO JOVAN  
    ;
    Andrei F. Joaquim
    ;
    Alfredo Guiroy
    ;
    Charles A. Carazzo
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design:</jats:title><jats:p> Cross-sectional survey. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:</jats:title><jats:p> Assessment of subaxial cervical facet injuries using the AO Spine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System is based on CT scan findings. However, additional radiological evaluations are not directly considered. The aim of this study is to determine situations in which spine surgeons request additional radiological exams after a facet fracture. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> A survey was sent to AO Spine members from Latin America. The evaluation considered demographic variables, routine use of the Classification, as well as the timepoint at which surgeons requested a cervical MRI, a vascular study, and/ or dynamic radiographs before treatment of facet fractures. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> There was 229 participants, mean age 42.9 ± 10.2 years; 93.4% were men. Orthopedic surgeons 57.6% with 10.7 ± 8.7 years of experience in spine surgery. A total of 86% used the Classification in daily practice. An additional study (MRI/vascular study/and dynamic radiographs) was requested in 53.3%/9.6%/43.7% in F1 facet injuries; 76.0%/20.1%/50.2% in F2; 89.1%/65.1%/28.4% in F3; and 94.8%/66.4%/16.6% in F4. An additional study was frequently required: F1 72.5%, F2 86.9%, F3 94.7%, and F4 96.1%. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p> Spine surgeons generally requested additional radiological evaluations in facet injuries, and MRI was the most common. Dynamic radiographs had a higher prevalence for F1/F2 fractures; vascular studies were more common for F3/F4 especially among surgeons with fewer years of experience. Private hospitals had a lower spine trauma cases/year and requested more MRI and more dynamic radiographs in F1/F2. Neurosurgeons had more vascular studies and dynamic radiographs than orthopedic surgeons in all facet fractures. </jats:p></jats:sec>
      6Scopus© Citations 4