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    Ethnic disparities in the association between maternal socioeconomic status and childhood anemia in Peru: a nationwide multiyear cross-sectional study
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-07)
    Ali Al-kassab-Córdova
    ;
    Claudio Intimayta-Escalante
    ;
    Pamela Robles-Valcarcel
    ;
    Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
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    CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ  
      1
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    SPINE20 Recommendations 2024 -Spinal Disability: Social Inclusion as a Key to Prevention and Management
    (2024)
    Cristiano M. Menezes
    ;
    Carlos Tucci
    ;
    Koji Tamai
    ;
    Harvinder S. Chhabra
    ;
    Fahad H. Alhelal
    <jats:p> Spine disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. To promote social inclusion, it is essential to ensure that people can participate in their societies by improving their ability, opportunities, and dignity, through access to high-quality, evidence-based, and affordable spine services for all. </jats:p><jats:p> To achieve this goal, SPINE20 recommends six actions. </jats:p><jats:p> - SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries deliver evidence-based education to the community health workers and primary care clinicians to promote best practice for spine health, especially in underserved communities. </jats:p><jats:p> - SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries deliver evidence-based, high-quality, cost-effective spine care interventions that are accessible, affordable and beneficial to patients. </jats:p><jats:p> - SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries invest in Health Policy and System Research (HPSR) to generate evidence to develop and implement policies aimed at integrating rehabilitation in primary care to improve spine health. </jats:p><jats:p> - SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries support ongoing research initiatives on digital technologies including artificial intelligence, regulate digital technologies, and promote evidence-based, ethical digital solutions in all aspects of spine care, to enrich patient care with high value and quality. </jats:p><jats:p> - SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries prioritize social inclusion by promoting equitable access to comprehensive spine care through collaborations with healthcare providers, policymakers, and community organizations. </jats:p><jats:p> - SPINE20 recommends that G20 countries prioritize spine health to improve the well-being and productivity of their populations. Government health systems are expected to create a healthier, more productive, and equitable society for all through collaborative efforts and sustained investment in evidence-based care and promotion of spine health. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 7  1
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    Navigating economic turmoil: Chilean businesses during COVID-19 lockdowns and vaccine rollouts
    (2023)
    Julio A. Pertuze
    ;
    José Pablo Montégu
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    Cecilia González
    ;
    Rafael Araos  
    ;
    Paula Daza
    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs
    (2022)
    Tiffani J. Howell
    ;
    Leanne Nieforth
    ;
    Clare Thomas-Pino
    ;
    Lauren Samet
    ;
    Sunday Agbonika
    <jats:p>The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: “assistance animal”, “companion animal”, “educational/school support animal”, “emotional support animal”, “facility animal”, “service animal”, “skilled companion animal”, “therapy animal”, and “visiting/visitation animal”. At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., “skilled companion animal” and “service animal”) due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.</jats:p>
      11Scopus© Citations 55
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    Scopus© Citations 2  6
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    Fighting Against Stroke in Latin America: A Joint Effort of Medical Professional Societies and Governments
    (2021)
    Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins
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    LAVADOS GERMAIN, PABLO MANUEL  
    ;
    Thaís Leite Secchi
    ;
    Michael Brainin
    ;
    Sebastian Ameriso
    <jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:</jats:bold> Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Latin America, a region with countless gaps to be addressed to decrease its burden. In 2018, at the first Latin American Stroke Ministerial Meeting, stroke physician and healthcare manager representatives from 13 countries signed the Declaration of Gramado with the priorities to improve the region, with the commitment to implement all evidence-based strategies for stroke care. The second meeting in March 2020 reviewed the achievements in 2 years and discussed new objectives. This paper will review the 2-year advances and future plans of the Latin American alliance for stroke.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:</jats:bold> In March 2020, a survey based on the Declaration of Gramado items was sent to the neurologists participants of the Stroke Ministerial Meetings. The results were confirmed with representatives of the Ministries of Health and leaders from the countries at the second Latin American Stroke Ministerial Meeting.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> In 2 years, public stroke awareness initiatives increased from 25 to 75% of countries. All countries have started programs to encourage physical activity, and there has been an increase in the number of countries that implement, at least partially, strategies to identify and treat hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle risk factors. Programs to identify and treat dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation still remained poor. The number of stroke centers increased from 322 to 448, all of them providing intravenous thrombolysis, with an increase in countries with stroke units. All countries have mechanical thrombectomy, but mostly restricted to a few private hospitals. Pre-hospital organization remains limited. The utilization of telemedicine has increased but is restricted to a few hospitals and is not widely available throughout the country. Patients have late, if any, access to rehabilitation after hospital discharge.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:</jats:bold> The initiative to collaborate, exchange experiences, and unite societies and governments to improve stroke care in Latin America has yielded good results. Important advances have been made in the region in terms of increasing the number of acute stroke care services, implementing reperfusion treatments and creating programs for the detection and treatment of risk factors. We hope that this approach can reduce inequalities in stroke care in Latin America and serves as a model for other under-resourced environments.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 37  1
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      7Scopus© Citations 1
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    Tobacco control policies in the 21st century: achievements and open challenges
    (2021)
    PERUGA URREA, ARMANDO  
    ;
    María José López
    ;
    Cristina Martinez
    ;
    Esteve Fernández
      1Scopus© Citations 95
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    Estimating the effect of social inequalities on the mitigation of COVID-19 across communities in Santiago de Chile
    (2021)
    Nicolò Gozzi
    ;
    Michele Tizzoni
    ;
    Matteo Chinazzi
    ;
    FERRES, LEONARDO ADRIÁN  
    ;
    Alessandro Vespignani
    We study the spatio-temporal spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Santiago de Chile using anonymized mobile phone data from 1.4 million users, 22% of the whole population in the area, characterizing the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the epidemic dynamics. We integrate these data into a mechanistic epidemic model calibrated on surveillance data. As of August 1, 2020, we estimate a detection rate of 102 cases per 1000 infections (90% CI: [95–112 per 1000]). We show that the introduction of a full lockdown on May 15, 2020, while causing a modest additional decrease in mobility and contacts with respect to previous NPIs, was decisive in bringing the epidemic under control, highlighting the importance of a timely governmental response to COVID-19 outbreaks. We find that the impact of NPIs on individuals’ mobility correlates with the Human Development Index of comunas in the city. Indeed, more developed and wealthier areas became more isolated after government interventions and experienced a significantly lower burden of the pandemic. The heterogeneity of COVID-19 impact raises important issues in the implementation of NPIs and highlights the challenges that communities affected by systemic health and social inequalities face adapting their behaviors during an epidemic.
    Scopus© Citations 124  1