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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Exercise in Obesity Management: Independent and Synergistic Benefits in Metabolism and Knowledge Gaps
(MDPI AG, 2025-04-24)
Viviana Sandoval
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Álvaro Vergara-Nieto
;
Amanda Bentes
;
Saulo Silva
;
Carolina Núñez
Obesity is a significant global health issue, profoundly affecting metabolic and cardiovascular health and other related chronic conditions. In Chile, the prevalence of obesity is among the highest within the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, highlighting a critical public health challenge. This narrative review examines current evidence on the independent and potential synergistic roles of omega-3 fatty acids and exercise in managing obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been shown to lower triglyceride levels, enhance lipid metabolism, and modulate inflammation via pathways involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Exercise interventions, such as moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), provide distinct yet complementary metabolic benefits. Specifically, MICT improves body fat distribution and mitochondrial efficiency, whereas HIIT has notable effects on metabolic adaptability and insulin signaling. Additionally, emerging evidence points toward a potential role of the kinin-kallikrein system, particularly kallikrein 7 (KLK7), in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Despite these promising findings, several knowledge gaps persist regarding optimal dosing, intervention timing, population-specific effects, and the exact mechanisms behind the potential synergistic interactions between omega-3 supplementation and structured exercise. This review emphasizes the importance of conducting further research, particularly controlled clinical trials, to clarify these combined interventions’ effectiveness and establish targeted therapeutic strategies tailored to individual metabolic profiles.
1Scopus© Citations 3
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Linoleic and Arachidonic Fatty Acids and their Potential Relationship
with Inflammation, Pregnancy, and Fetal Development
(2024)
Macarena Ortiz
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Daniela Álvarez
;
Yasna Muñoz
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Nicolás Crisosto
;
Rodrigo Valenzuela
<jats:sec> <jats:title>Abstract:</jats:title> <jats:p>A healthy maternal diet must consider an appropriate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) precursors to ensure adequate growth and development of the fetus. In this regard, n-6 PUFAs, predominantly linoleic (C18:2 n-6, LA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), have a central role in the development of the central nervous system because they are part of the membrane structure and participate in the metabolism and signal transduction of cells. Nevertheless, they can also be transformed into inflammatory metabolites promoting the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In modern westernized societies, there is a high dietary consumption of foods rich in n-6 PUFAs which could have detrimental consequences for the fetus and neonate due to excessive exposure to these fatty acids (FAs).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>To summarize the evidence of maternal, placental, and fetal alterations that an excessive intake of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), LA, and AA, could produce during pregnancy.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>A thorough review of the literature regarding the effects of n-6 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation including in vivo and in vitro models, was carried out using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>An elevated intake of n-6 PUFA, specifically LA, during pregnancy influences children's motor, cognitive, and verbal development during infancy and early childhood. Similarly, they could harm the placenta and the development of other fetal organs such as the fat tissue, liver, and cardiovascular system.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>Maternal diet, specifically LA intake, could have significant repercussions on fetal development and long-term consequences in the offspring, including the possibility of future metabolic and mental diseases. It would be necessary to focus on the prevention of these alterations through timely dietary interventions in the target population.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 6 11
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Effects of a High-Fat Diet and Docosahexaenoic Acid during Pregnancy on Fatty Acid Composition in the Fetal Livers of Mice
(2023)
Daniela Álvarez
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Macarena Ortiz
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Gabriel Valdebenito
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Nicolás Crisosto
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Bárbara Echiburú
<jats:p>A high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy promotes fat accumulation and reduces docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the liver of the offspring at postnatal ages, which can depend on fetal sex. However, the prenatal mechanisms behind these associations are still unclear. Thus, we analyzed if an HFD alters DHA content and the expression of molecules related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism in the fetal liver. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet or HFD for 4–6 weeks before pregnancy until the gestational day (GD) 17.5. A subgroup of each diet received DHA (100 mg/Kg) orally from GD 6.5 until 16.5. On GD 17.5, maternal livers, placentas, and livers from male and female fetuses were collected for FA profiling with gas-chromatography and gene expression of molecules related to FA metabolism using qPCR. PPAR-α protein expression was evaluated using Western blot. The gene expression of placental FA transporters was also assessed. An HFD increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decreased DHA levels and protein expression of PPAR-α in the fetal livers of both sexes. DHA increased the gene expression of Ppara, Cpt1, and Acsl1 in the livers of female fetuses. Therefore, an HFD reduces DHA levels and PPAR-α, a master regulator of gene expression, in the fetal liver. In turn, the livers of female fetuses seem to be more sensitive to DHA action.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 2
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Association between maternal obesity, essential fatty acids and biomarkers of fetal liver function
(2023)
Macarena Ortiz
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Francisca Sánchez
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Daniela Álvarez
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Cristian Flores
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Francisca Salas-Pérez
7Scopus© Citations 5
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Annona cherimola Seed Extracts Trigger an Early Apoptosis Response and Selective Anticlonogenic Activity against the Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line SNU-1
(2023)
Johan Macuer-Guzmán
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Claudia Giovagnoli-Vicuña
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Giuliano Bernal
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Lorena Lobos-González
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Erwin de la Fuente-Ortega
<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antiproliferative, apoptotic and diminishing effects of the anchored growth-independent capacity of an ethanol macerate extract from the Annona cherimola seed (EMCHS) in the human gastric cancer cell line SNU-1. The cells treated with EMCHS (20 μg/mL) significantly reduced the capacity to form clones of the tumor cell. Moreover, 50 μg/mL of EMCHS extract induced apoptosis, as was shown by the Annexin-V assay. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis detected two acetogenins (Annonacinone and Annonacin) in the EMCHS, which could be largely responsible for its selective antiproliferative effect. The identification of fatty acids by GC-FID showed the presence of eight fatty acids, among which was, oleic acid, which has recognized activity as an adjuvant in antitumor treatments. Taken together, our results indicate that the EMCHS seems promising for use as a natural therapy against gastric cancer disease.</jats:p>
3
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Type I collagen hydrogels as a delivery matrix for royal jelly derived extracellular vesicles
(2020)
Orlando J. Ramírez
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Simón Alvarez
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Pamina Contreras-Kallens
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Nelson P. Barrera
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Sebastian Aguayo
7Scopus© Citations 44
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Linking social preferences and ocean acidification impacts in mussel aquaculture
(2019)
Valeska A. San Martin
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Stefan Gelcich
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VÁSQUEZ LAVÍN , FELIPE ANTONIO
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PONCE OLIVA, ROBERTO DANIEL
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José I. Hernández
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Ocean Acidification (OA) has become one of the most studied global stressors in marine science during the last fifteen years. Despite the variety of studies on the biological effects of OA with marine commercial species, estimations of these impacts over consumers’ preferences have not been studied in detail, compromising our ability to undertake an assessment of market and economic impacts resulting from OA at local scales. Here, we use a novel and interdisciplinary approach to fill this gap. We experimentally test the impact of OA on commercially relevant physical and nutritional attributes of mussels, and then we use economic discrete choice models to assess the marginal effects of these impacts over consumers’ preferences and wellbeing. Results showed that attributes, which were significantly affected by OA, are also those preferred by consumers. Consumers are willing to pay on average 52% less for mussels with evidences of OA and are willing to increase the price they pay to avoid negative changes in attributes due to OA. The interdisciplinary approach developed here, complements research conducted on OA by effectively informing how OA economic impacts can be analyzed under the lens of marginal changes in market price and consumer’ welfare. Thereby, linking global phenomena to consumers’ wellbeing, and shifting the focus of OA impacts to assess the effects of local vulnerabilities in a wider context of people and businesses.</jats:p>
25 1Scopus© Citations 27
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Editorial: Modulation of Ion Channels and Ionic Pumps by Fatty Acids: Implications in Physiology and Pathology
(2018)
Mario Diaz
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RETAMAL LUCERO, MAURICIO ANTONIO
14Scopus© Citations 5
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Are Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Implicated in Histaminergic Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder?: AN HYPOTHESIS
(2018)
RIVEROS VALLE, MARIA EUGENIA
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Mauricio A. Retamal
Scopus© Citations 3 2
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Exosome-like vesicles in Apis mellifera bee pollen, honey and royal jelly contribute to their antibacterial and pro-regenerative activity
(2019)
Christina M. A. P. Schuh
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Sebastian Aguayo
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Gabriela Zavala
;
Maroun Khoury
<jats:p>Microvesicles have become key players in cellular communication. Since glandular secretions present a rich source of active exosomes, we hypothesized that exosome-like vesicles are present in Apis mellifera hypopharyngeal gland secretomal products (honey, royal jelly and bee pollen), and participate in their known antibacterial and pro-regenerative effects. We developed an isolation protocol based on serial- and ultracentrifugation steps and demonstrated the presence of protein-containing exosome-like vesicles in all three bee-derived products. Assessing their antibacterial properties, we found that exosome-like vesicles had bacteriostatic, bactericidal and biofilm-inhibiting effects on Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) internalize bee-derived exosome-like vesicles and that these vesicles influence their migration potential. In an in vitro wound healing assay, honey and royal jelly exosome-like vesicles increased migration of human MSC, demonstrating their interkingdom activity. Summarizing, we have discovered exosome-like vesicles as a new, active compound in bee pollen, honey and royal jelly.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 49 1

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