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      3Scopus© Citations 31
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    Substance Use, Bullying, and Body Image Disturbances in Adolescents and Young Adults Under the Prism of a 3D Simulation Program: Validation of MySchool4web
    (2016)
    Álvaro I. Langer
    ;
    José Manuel Aguilar-Parra
    ;
    Valentina G. Ulloa
    ;
    José A. Carmona-Torres
    ;
    Adolfo J. Cangas
    Scopus© Citations 6  11
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    Item type:Publication,
    The Impact of a Yoga-Based Mindfulness Intervention versus Psycho-Educational Session for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    (2022)
    Maryam Farhang
    ;
    Graciela Rojas
    ;
    Pablo Martínez
    ;
    ;
    Álvaro I. Langer
    <jats:p>Background: There is a global agreement in the medical community that a significant proportion of dementia cases could be prevented or postponed. One of the factors behind this agreement comes from scientific evidence showing that mind-body interventions such as mindfulness and yoga for the elderly have been related to a range of positive outcomes, including improved cognition performance in seniors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention (YBM) versus psychoeducational sessions for older adults with MCI attending Hospital Clinic Universidad de Chile in Santiago. Method: Two-arm, individually randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out at Clinical Hospital Universidad de Chile in Santiago. Older people over 60 years with any type of MCI using a score &lt; 21 in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and a score of 0.05 in the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale; and with preserved activities of daily living will be randomly assigned with an allocation ratio of 1:1 in either the yoga-based mindfulness intervention or the active control group based on the psycho-educational program. People who have performed yoga and/or mindfulness in the last 6 months or/and people with a psychiatric clinical diagnosis will be excluded from the study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), the Barthel Index (BI), the Pemberton happiness index, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) as well as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) will be administered by blinded outcomes assessors before random assignment (Pre-test), the week following the last session of the intervention (post-test), and then after 3- and 6-months follow-up. Results: The YBM intervention protocol based on a video recording has been adapted and designed. This is the first RCT to examine the effects of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention in improving cognitive and physical functions and mental health outcomes for Chilean elderly diagnosed with MCI. It is expected to be implemented as an acceptable and effective non-pharmacological option for older people with MCI. Conclusion: Providing evidence-based programs such as preventive therapy for Alzheimer’s disease has relevant implications for public mental health services in Chile.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 7  1
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    Effects of socioeconomic status in cognition of people with schizophrenia: results from a Latin American collaboration network with 1175 subjects
    (2021)
    Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
    ;
    Luz Maria Alliende
    ;
    Carmen Paz Castañeda
    ;
    Mariana Castro
    ;
    Salvador M. Guinjoan
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a1"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Cognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America comprises approximately 8% of the global population and faces unique challenges, many derived from specific demographic and socioeconomic variables, such as violence and inequality. While such factors have been described to influence mental health outcomes, no large-scale studies with Latin American population have been carried out. Therefore, we aim to describe the cognitive performance of a representative sample of Latin American individuals with schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical factors. Additionally, we aim to investigate how socioeconomic status (SES) relates to cognitive performance in patients and controls.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a2" sec-type="methods"><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We included 1175 participants from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico): 864 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 unaffected subjects. All participants were part of projects that included cognitive evaluation with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and clinical assessments.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a3" sec-type="results"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Patients showed worse cognitive performance than controls across all domains. Age and diagnosis were independent predictors, indicating similar trajectories of cognitive aging for both patients and controls. The SES factors of education, parental education, and income were more related to cognition in patients than in controls. Cognition was also influenced by symptomatology.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a4" sec-type="conclusions"><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Patients did not show evidence of accelerated cognitive aging; however, they were most impacted by a lower SES suggestive of deprived environment than controls. These findings highlight the vulnerability of cognitive capacity in individuals with psychosis in face of demographic and socioeconomic factors in low- and middle-income countries.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      4Scopus© Citations 28
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    Meditation focused on self-observation of the body impairs metacognitive efficiency
    (2019)
    Carlos Schmidt
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    ;
    Mauricio Barrientos
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    Álvaro I. Langer
    ;
    Jérôme Sackur
    Scopus© Citations 15  1