Effects of socioeconomic status in cognition of people with schizophrenia: results from a Latin American collaboration network with 1175 subjects
Journal
Psychological Medicine
ISSN
0033-2917
1469-8978
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
Luz Maria Alliende
Carmen Paz Castañeda
Mariana Castro
Salvador M. Guinjoan
Raffael Massuda
Arthur A. Berberian
Ana Olivia Fonseca
Ary Gadelha
Rodrigo Bressan
Marisa Crivelaro
Mario Louzã
Alfonso González-Valderrama
Rubén Nachar
Rodrigo R. Nieto
Cristian Montes
Hernan Silva
Álvaro I. Langer
Carlos Schmidt
Rocío Mayol-Troncoso
Ana M. Díaz-Zuluaga
Johanna Valencia-Echeverry
Carlos López-Jaramillo
Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco
Francisco Reyes-Madrigal
Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
Nicolás A. Crossley
Clarissa S. Gama
Type
Resource Types::text::journal::journal article
URL Institutional Repository
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a1"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Cognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America comprises approximately 8% of the global population and faces unique challenges, many derived from specific demographic and socioeconomic variables, such as violence and inequality. While such factors have been described to influence mental health outcomes, no large-scale studies with Latin American population have been carried out. Therefore, we aim to describe the cognitive performance of a representative sample of Latin American individuals with schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical factors. Additionally, we aim to investigate how socioeconomic status (SES) relates to cognitive performance in patients and controls.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a2" sec-type="methods"><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We included 1175 participants from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico): 864 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 unaffected subjects. All participants were part of projects that included cognitive evaluation with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and clinical assessments.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a3" sec-type="results"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Patients showed worse cognitive performance than controls across all domains. Age and diagnosis were independent predictors, indicating similar trajectories of cognitive aging for both patients and controls. The SES factors of education, parental education, and income were more related to cognition in patients than in controls. Cognition was also influenced by symptomatology.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0033291721002403_sec_a4" sec-type="conclusions"><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Patients did not show evidence of accelerated cognitive aging; however, they were most impacted by a lower SES suggestive of deprived environment than controls. These findings highlight the vulnerability of cognitive capacity in individuals with psychosis in face of demographic and socioeconomic factors in low- and middle-income countries.</jats:p></jats:sec>
Subjects
cognition
;
low-and middle-income countries
;
schizophrenia
;
social factors
;
cognition
;
humans
;
latin america
;
schizophrenia
;
social class
;
socioeconomic factors
;
cognition
;
human
;
schizophrenia
;
social class
;
socioeconomics
;
south and central america