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Arsenic Exposure During Pregnancy and Childhood: Factors Explaining Changes over a Decade
(MDPI AG, 2025-03-16)
RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA
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HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD
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APABLAZA SALINAS, MAURICIO IVÁN
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Camila Awad
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Xaviera Molina
Arsenic chronic exposure, particularly in its inorganic form, represents a significant public health concern. This study was conducted in Arica, the northernmost city in the country, whose inhabitants have been exposed to inorganic arsenic both naturally through drinking water and anthropogenically due to a toxic waste disposal site. We explored changes in inorganic arsenic levels in a cohort of pregnant women and their children over a decade, identifying exposure trends and their determinants. We used data on arsenic exposure through maternal urine samples during pregnancy, collected by the Health Authority between 2013 and 2016 (measurement 1), and followed up with assessments of their children in 2023 (measurement 2). Temporal changes in inorganic arsenic concentration were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and a mixed linear regression model was employed to determine which factors contributed to urinary inorganic arsenic levels. We did not observe significant differences in mean arsenic concentrations between the two-time points (p = 0.4026). The mixed linear regression model revealed that children consuming bottled water had 8.3% lower urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations than those drinking tap water (95% CI: −15.36 to −0.54%). Additionally, children from ethnic groups had 8.64% higher inorganic arsenic concentrations (95% CI: 0.49 to 17.5%), while those with caregivers with higher education showed a 13.67% reduction (95% CI: −25.06 to −0.56%). Despite mitigation efforts, these findings underscore the ongoing risk of inorganic arsenic exposure among vulnerable populations. They further emphasize the importance of addressing natural arsenic contamination in water and implementing targeted interventions to reduce disparities associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 1 6
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Diagnostic imaging in Chile: a population-based description of its use in hospitalized patients
(Publicidad Permanyer, SLU, 2024-09-10)
Joaquín Cristi
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Rolando Cocio
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DELGADO BECERRA, OROZIMBA IRIS
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Fernanda Blaskovic
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Juan P. Covarrubias
7
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study
(JMIR Publications Inc., 2024-11-22)
Pere Torán-Monserrat
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Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
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Anna Costa-Garrido
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Lucía A Carrasco-Ribelles
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Bibiana Quirant
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec sec-type="background"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>As the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 progresses, it becomes crucial to comprehend the lasting effects of vaccination on safeguarding against new infections or reinfections.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="objective"> <jats:title>Objective</jats:title> <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the risk of new SARS-CoV-2 infections based on the number of vaccine doses, prior infections, and other clinical characteristics.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="methods"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We defined a cohort of 800 health care workers in a 24-month study (March 2020 to December 2022) in northern Barcelona to determine new infections by SARS-CoV-2. We used extended Cox models, specifically Andersen-Gill (AG) and Prentice-Williams-Peterson, and we examined the risk of new infections. The AG model incorporated variables such as sex, age, job title, number of chronic conditions, vaccine doses, and prior infections. Additionally, 2 Prentice-Williams-Peterson models were adjusted, one for those individuals with no or 1 infection and another for those with 2 or 3 infections, both with the same covariates as the AG model.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="results"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The 800 participants (n=605, 75.6% women) received 1, 2, 3, and 4 doses of the vaccine. Compared to those who were unvaccinated, the number of vaccine doses significantly reduced (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><.001) the risk of infection by 66%, 81%, 89%, and 99%, respectively. Unit increase in the number of prior infections reduced the risk of infection by 75% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><.001). When separating individuals by number of previous infections, risk was significantly reduced for those with no or 1 infection by 61% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=.02), and by 88%, 93%, and 99% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><.001) with 1, 2, 3, or 4 doses, respectively. In contrast, for those with 2 or 3 previous infections, the reduction was only significant with the fourth dose, at 98% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><.001). The number of chronic diseases only increased the risk by 28%‐31% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><.001) for individuals with 0‐1 previous infections.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="conclusions"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The study suggests that both prior infections and vaccination status significantly contribute to SARS-CoV-2 immunity, supporting vaccine effectiveness in reducing risk of reinfection for up to 24 months after follow-up from the onset of the pandemic. These insights contribute to our understanding of long-term immunity dynamics and inform strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 1 2
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Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Violence: Child Abuse, Attitudes, Impulsivity, Reactive and Proactive Aggression; Automatic or Complex Processes?
(Wiley, 2024-12-11)
SÁNCHEZ SOTO, PAULINA ALEJANDRA
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VARELA TORRES, JORGE JAVIER
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CERIC GARRIDO, FRANCISCO JOSE
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Ana Rita Cruz
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent dating violence (ADV) research has neglected the environmental factors at play in contexts of perpetration. This study, conducted in Chile, investigated the socio‐cognitive processes inherent to the relationship between child abuse and ADV perpetration by examining the association between child abuse, impulsivity, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, attitudes that rationalize or justify ADV, and actual ADV perpetration. Data were collected from 655 adolescents using self‐reported measures of child abuse, impulsivity, reactive and proactive aggression, attitudes justifying ADV, and ADV perpetration using structural equation modeling. Having experienced child abuse predicted higher levels of impulsivity, which in turn predicted higher levels of aggressive traits, both for reactive and proactive aggression. Proactive aggression predicted higher levels of ADV perpetration, whereas reactive aggression did not. While we did not find that child abuse predicted a greater propensity for ADV, nor that such a disposition indicated a higher level of proactive aggression by influencing ADV perpetration, we did find that a positive attitude toward ADV predicted a higher frequency of ADV perpetration. Our results suggest that the socio‐cognitive process underlying ADV involves automatic and complex processes stemming from child abuse, thus linking environmental and individual factors.</jats:p>
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Nurses' Stress Associated with Nursing Activities and Electronic Health Records: Data Triangulation from Continuous Stress Monitoring, Perceived Workload, and a Time Motion Study
(2020)
MARCELO ARIEL LOPETEGUI LAZO
Scopus© Citations 26 16
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Network anatomy in logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia
(2023)
Maria Luisa Mandelli
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Diego L. Lorca‐Puls
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Sladjana Lukic
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Maxime Montembeault
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized linguistically by gradual loss of repetition and naming skills resulting from left posterior temporal and inferior parietal atrophy. Here, we sought to identify which specific cortical loci are initially targeted by the disease (epicenters) and investigate whether atrophy spreads through predetermined networks. First, we used cross‐sectional structural MRI data from individuals with lvPPA to define putative disease epicenters using a surface‐based approach paired with an anatomically fine‐grained parcellation of the cortical surface (i.e., HCP‐MMP1.0 atlas). Second, we combined cross‐sectional functional MRI data from healthy controls and longitudinal structural MRI data from individuals with lvPPA to derive the epicenter‐seeded resting‐state networks most relevant to lvPPA symptomatology and ascertain whether functional connectivity in these networks predicts longitudinal atrophy spread in lvPPA. Our results show that two partially distinct brain networks anchored to the left anterior angular and posterior superior temporal gyri epicenters were preferentially associated with sentence repetition and naming skills in lvPPA. Critically, the strength of connectivity within these two networks in the neurologically‐intact brain significantly predicted longitudinal atrophy progression in lvPPA. Taken together, our findings indicate that atrophy progression in lvPPA, starting from inferior parietal and temporoparietal junction regions, predominantly follows at least two partially nonoverlapping pathways, which may influence the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and prognosis.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 10 2
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Dilated optic nerve sheath by ultrasound predicts mortality among patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage
(2023)
Francisco Antunes Dias
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Maria Clara Zanon Zotin
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Frederico Fernandes Alessio-Alves
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Rui Kleber do Vale Martins Filho
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Clara Monteiro Antunes Barreira
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p> Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a deadly disease and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is associated with worse outcomes in this context.</jats:p><jats:p> Objective We evaluated whether dilated optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) depicted by optic nerve ultrasound (ONUS) at hospital admission has prognostic value as a predictor of mortality at 90 days.</jats:p><jats:p> Methods Prospective multicenter study of acute supratentorial primary ICH patients consecutively recruited from two tertiary stroke centers. Optic nerve ultrasound and cranial computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at hospital admission and blindly reviewed. The primary outcome was mortality at 90-days. Multivariate logistic regression, ROC curve, and C-statistics were used to identify independent predictors of mortality.</jats:p><jats:p> Results Between July 2014 and July 2016, 57 patients were evaluated. Among those, 13 were excluded and 44 were recruited into the trial. Their mean age was 62.3 ± 13.1 years and 12 (27.3%) were female. On univariate analysis, ICH volume on cranial CT scan, ICH ipsilateral ONSD, Glasgow coma scale, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and glucose on admission, and also diabetes mellitus and current nonsmoking were predictors of mortality. After multivariate analysis, ipsilateral ONSD (odds ratio [OR]: 6.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–33.01; p = 0.03) was an independent predictor of mortality, even after adjustment for other relevant prognostic factors. The best ipsilateral ONSD cutoff was 5.6mm (sensitivity 72% and specificity 83%) with an AUC of 0.71 (p = 0.02) for predicting mortality at 90 days.</jats:p><jats:p> Conclusion Optic nerve ultrasound is a noninvasive, bedside, low-cost technique that can be used to identify increased ICP in acute supratentorial primary ICH patients. Among these patients, dilated ONSD is an independent predictor of mortality at 90 days.</jats:p>
3
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Health Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia at a High Altitude among Chilean Miners: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Results of a Longitudinal Study
(2021)
Sergio Muñoz
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Carolina Nazzal
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Daniel Jimenez
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Patricia Frenz
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Patricia Flores
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title> <jats:p>This study aims to assess the health effects on mining workers of exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) at high- and very high-altitude mining compared with similar work at lower altitudes in Chile, and it also aims to constitute the baseline of a 5-year follow-up study.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We designed a cross-sectional study to assess health conditions in 483 miners working at 2 levels of altitude exposure: 336 working at a very high or high altitude (HA; 247 above 3900–4400 m, and 89 at 3000–3900 m), and 147 below 2400 m. Subjects were randomly selected in two stages. First, a selection of mines from a census of mines in each altitude stratum was made. Secondly, workers with less than 2 years of employment at each of the selected mines were recruited. The main outcomes measured at the baseline were mountain sickness, sleep alterations, hypertension, body mass index, and neurocognitive functions.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) was 28.4% in the very high-altitude stratum (P = 0.0001 compared with the low stratum), and 71.7% experienced sleep disturbance (P = 0.02). The adjusted odds ratio for AMS was 9.2 (95% confidence interval: 5.2–16.3) when compared with the very high- and low-altitude groups. Motor processing speed and spatial working memory score were lower for the high-altitude group. Hypertension was lower in the highest-altitude subjects, which may be attributed to preoccupational screening even though this was not statistically significant.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Despite longer periods of acclimatization to CIH, subjects continue to present AMS and sleep disturbance. Compromise of executive functions was detected, including working memory at HA. Further rigorous research is warranted to understand long-term health impacts of high-altitude mining, and to provide evidence-based policy recommendations.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
6Scopus© Citations 9
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Transitions in smoking status in nursing students: A prospective longitudinal study
(2023)
Kenza Laroussy
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Yolanda Castellano
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Marcela Fu
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Antoni Baena
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Ariadna Feliu
5 1Scopus© Citations 4
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Trends and socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors associated with antimicrobial resistance: a longitudinal analysis in 39 hospitals in Chile 2008–2017
(2023)
Kasim Allel
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Jaime Labarca
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Camila Carvajal
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Patricia Garcia
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Marcela Cifuentes
4Scopus© Citations 10

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