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    Scopus© Citations 2  1
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    Impact of acute psychosocial stress on attentional control in humans. A study of evoked potentials and pupillary response
    (2023)
    F. Rojas-Thomas
    ;
    C. Artigas
    ;
    G. Wainstein
    ;
    Juan-Pablo Morales
    ;
    M. Arriagada
    Scopus© Citations 9  1
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    Social cognition in major depressive disorder: A new paradigm?
    (2013)
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    ;
    Samantha Boardman
    ;
    P. Doraiswamy
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Social cognition refers to the brain mechanisms by which we process social information about other humans and ourselves. Alterations in interpersonal and social functioning are common in major depressive disorder, though only poorly addressed by current pharmacotherapies. Further standardized tests, such as depression ratings or neuropsychologic tests, used in routine practice provide very little information on social skills, schemas, attributions, stereotypes and judgments related to social interactions. In this article, we review recent literature on how healthy human brains process social decisions and how these processes are altered in major depressive disorder. We especially focus on interactive paradigms (e.g., game theory based tasks) that can reproduce daily life situations in laboratory settings. The evidences we review, together with the rich literature on the protective role of social networks in handling stress, have implications for developing more ecologically-valid biomarkers and interventions in order to optimize functional recovery in depressive disorders.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 14  3
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      2Scopus© Citations 55
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    Scopus© Citations 95  4
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    Paradoxical Expectation: Oscillatory Brain Activity Reveals Social Interaction Impairment in Schizophrenia
    (2015)
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    ;
    Alejandra Armijo
    ;
    Daniel Castillo
    ;
    Tamara López
    ;
    ZAMORANO m, FRANCISCO JAVIER
    Scopus© Citations 45  5
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    Theta and Alpha Oscillation Impairments in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Reflect Working Memory Deficit
    (2017)
    LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA  
    ;
    ZAMORANO M, FRANCISCO JAVIER
    ;
    Patricia Soto Icaza
    ;
    Ximena Carrasco
    ;
    Claudia Herrera
    A dysfunction in the excitatory–inhibitory (E/I) coordination in neuronal assembly has been proposed as a possible neurobiological mechanism of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the potential impact of this mechanism in cognitive performance is not fully explored. Since the main consequence of E/I dysfunction is an impairment in oscillatory activity and its underlying cognitive computations, we assessed the electroencephalographic activity of ASD and typically developing (TD) subjects during a working-memory task. We found that ASD subjects committed more errors than TD subjects. Moreover, TD subjects demonstrated a parametric modulation in the power of alpha and theta band while ASD subjects did not demonstrate significant modulations. The preceding leads to significant differences between the groups in both the alpha power placed on the occipital cortex and the theta power placed on the left premotor and the right prefrontal cortex. The impaired theta modulation correlated with autistic symptoms. The results indicated that ASD may present an alteration in the recruitment of the oscillatory activity during working-memory, and this alteration could be related to the physiopathology of the disorder.
    Scopus© Citations 51  7
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    How to Do an Electrophysiological Study of Myoclonus
    (2022)
    VIAL UNDURRAGA, FELIPE AGUSTIN  
    ;
    Shabbir Hussain I. Merchant
    ;
    Patrick McGurrin
    ;
    Mark Hallett
      1Scopus© Citations 6
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    Visual-spatial processing impairment in the occipital-frontal connectivity network at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease
    (2023)
    Iván Plaza-Rosales
    ;
    Enzo Brunetti
    ;
    Rodrigo Montefusco-Siegmund
    ;
    Samuel Madariaga
    ;
    Rodrigo Hafelin
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, but its pathophysiological phenomena are not fully elucidated. Many neurophysiological markers have been suggested to identify early cognitive impairments of AD. However, the diagnosis of this disease remains a challenge for specialists. In the present cross-sectional study, our objective was to evaluate the manifestations and mechanisms underlying visual-spatial deficits at the early stages of AD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We combined behavioral, electroencephalography (EEG), and eye movement recordings during the performance of a spatial navigation task (a virtual version of the Morris Water Maze adapted to humans). Participants (69–88 years old) with amnesic mild cognitive impairment–Clinical Dementia Rating scale (aMCI–CDR 0.5) were selected as probable early AD (eAD) by a neurologist specialized in dementia. All patients included in this study were evaluated at the CDR 0.5 stage but progressed to probable AD during clinical follow-up. An equal number of matching healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated while performing the navigation task. Data were collected at the Department of Neurology of the Clinical Hospital of the Universidad de Chile and the Department of Neuroscience of the Faculty of Universidad de Chile.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Participants with aMCI preceding AD (eAD) showed impaired spatial learning and their visual exploration differed from the control group. eAD group did not clearly prefer regions of interest that could guide solving the task, while controls did. The eAD group showed decreased visual occipital evoked potentials associated with eye fixations, recorded at occipital electrodes. They also showed an alteration of the spatial spread of activity to parietal and frontal regions at the end of the task. The control group presented marked occipital activity in the beta band (15–20 Hz) at early visual processing time. The eAD group showed a reduction in beta band functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortices reflecting poor planning of navigation strategies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>We found that EEG signals combined with visual-spatial navigation analysis, yielded early and specific features that may underlie the basis for understanding the loss of functional connectivity in AD. Still, our results are clinically promising for early diagnosis required to improve quality of life and decrease healthcare costs.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 16  1
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    Scopus© Citations 11  2