In mathematics education, studies reveal difficulties in the teaching-learning of trigonometry in secondary and higher education, due to the fact that students are not encouraged to achieve a deep conceptual understanding of abstract concepts. Several studies demonstrate that incorporating digital technologies has a positive impact on students’ learning. However, most of the existing technologies do not consider the use of the body and multiple senses. Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) in contrast, can host bodily interactions that have the potential of enhancing learning. Nonetheless, there is a lack of applications of TUIs for trigonometry education. This study consisted in designing and validating a tangible interface for the teaching-learning of basic concepts of trigonometry. The interface hosts a pedagogical experience that privileges exploration through physical manipulation and fosters intuitive and collaborative learning. A Pre-Test was applied to 121 students to determine previous knowledge, yielding a 29.1% performance. After two sessions using the interface, the results of a Post-Test reveal an increase of 37.1%, confirming the educational effectiveness of the interface and the pedagogical experience to facilitate learning of basic concepts of trigonometry.

In the past few decades, constitution-making processes have shifted from being undertakings performed by elites and closed off from the public to ones incorporating democratic mechanisms. Little is known, however, about the determinants of voluntary public participation and how they affect the outcomes of the deliberative process in terms of content and quality. Here, we study the process of constituent involvement in the rewriting of Chile’s constitution in 2016. A total of 106, 412 citizens in 8, 113 different local encounters voluntarily congregated in groups of ten or more to collectively determine what social rights should be considered for inclusion in the new constitution, deliberating and then articulating in the written word why should be included. We brought our data to statistical regression models at the municipality level, the results show that the main determinants associated with increasing citizen participation are educational level, engagement in politics, support for the government, and Internet access. In contrast, population density and the share of Evangelical Christians in the general population decrease citizen participation. Then, we further analyze the written arguments for each collectively-selected constitutional rights. The findings suggest that groups from socioeconomically developed municipalities (with higher educational levels and where the main economic activities are more distant from natural resources), on average, deliberate consistently more about themes, concepts, and ideas compared to groups from less developed municipalities. These results provide an empirical ground on the driver factors of voluntary citizen participation and on the benefits and disadvantages of deliberative democracy. Hence, results can inform the organization of new deliberative processes.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Scarce data exist about clinical/radiological differences between acute ischemic strokes diagnosed in the emergency room (AISER) and stroke chameleons (SCs). We aimed at describing the differences observed in a comprehensive stroke center in Chile. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Prospective observational study of patients with ischemic stroke syndromes admitted to the emergency room (ER) of Clínica Alemana between December 2014 and October 2023. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 1,197 patients were included; of these 63 (5.2%, 95% CI: 4.1–6.6) were SC; these were younger (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), less frequently hypertensive (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and they also had lower systolic (SBP) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), diastolic blood pressures (DBP) (<i>p</i> = 0.011), and NIHSS (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Clinically, they presented less frequently gaze (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and campimetry alterations (<i>p</i> = 0.03), facial (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and limb weakness (left arm [<i>p</i> = 0.004], right arm (<i>p</i> = 0.041), left leg (<i>p</i> = 0.001), right leg <i>p</i> = 0.0029), sensory abnormalities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and dysarthria (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Neuroradiological evaluations included less frequently large vessel occlusions (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and other stroke locations (<i>p</i> = 0.005); they also differed in their etiologies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Brainstem strokes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and extinction/inattention symptoms (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were only seen in AISER. In multivariate analysis, younger age (OR: 0.945; 95% CI: 0.93–0.96), DBP (OR: 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99), facial weakness (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.19–0.78), sensory abnormities (OR: 0.16.18; 95% CI, 0.05–0.4), infratentorial location (OR: 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15–0.78), posterior circulation involvement (OR: 3.02; 95% CI, 1.45–6.3), cardioembolic (OR: 3.5; 95% CI, 1.56–7.99), and undetermined (OR: 2.42; 95% CI, 1.22–4.7; 95%) etiologies, remained statistically significant. A stepwise analysis including only clinical elements present on the patient’s arrival to the ER, demonstrates that age (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94–0.97), DBP (OR: 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99), the presence of atrial fibrillation (OR: 2.22; 95% CI, 1.04–4.75, NIHSS (OR: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71–0.89) and the presence in NIHSS of 1a level of consciousness (OR: 5.66; CI: 95% 1.8–16.9), 1b level of consciousness questions (OR: 3.023; 95% CI, 1.35–6.8), facial weakness (OR: 0.3; CI: 95% 0.17–0.8), and sensory abnormalities (OR: 0.27; 95% CI, 0.1–0.72) remained statistically significant. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SC had clinical and radiological differences compared to AISER. An additional relevant finding is that neurological symptoms in a patient with atrial fibrillation, even with a negative diffusion-weighted imaging, should be carefully evaluated as a potential stroke until other causes are satisfactorily ruled out.

We compiled criteria pollutants from four air quality monitoring stations in Bogotá, eight in Santiago, and five in São Paulo to characterize the impact of emission changes on air quality during the early Coronavirus-imposed lockdown. Time series include hourly measurements (UTC) of ozone (ppbv), nitric oxide (ppbv), nitrogen dioxide (ppbv), carbon monoxide (ppmv), and PM2.5 (microgram per cubic meter), from 1 January 2014 to 1 June 2020.

In the last three decades, the application of TUIs (tangible user interfaces) in education has demonstrated its positive influence on performance and learning of students. At Universidad del Desarrollo in Chile, monitoring of diagnostic tests over time evidences difficulties and challenges in the teaching-learning of trigonometry in first-year Engineering education. This study consisted in designing and validating a tangible interface to learn trigonometry in the classroom setting. The methodology used was a quasi-experiment with first-year students from the Schools of Design and Engineering at Universidad del Desarrollo in Chile. Principles of the theory of Embodied Cognition and Blended Interaction were applied to model an intuitive, collaborative and meaningful learning experience. During the design process, three Intermediate Models were tested with several types of users, and two Prototypes were tested with an experimental group. User-testing highly contributed to the design of the interaction experience and the interface, progressively defining the functional and pedagogical aspects. Comparative analysis of Pre and Post-Test results, demonstrate that students’ performance increased by 37.1% after two sessions using the interface.

En educación matemática, estudios evidencian dificultades y desafíos en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de trigonometría en educación secundaria y superior, donde no se estimula al estudiante a obtener un entendimiento conceptual profundo de los conceptos. Considerando su relevancia para diversas disciplinas, es necesario implementar nuevos acercamientos a su enseñanza, donde se privilegie un rol activo del estudiante en su propio aprendizaje. Diversos estudios demuestran que la incorporación de tecnologías digitales influyen positivamente aprendizaje de los alumnos, sin embargo, la mayoría de las tecnologías existentes responden al paradigma de interacción tradicional con un computador, donde no se considera el uso del cuerpo y de los múltiples sentidos. Las Interfaces Tangibles (TUI) en cambio, pueden albergar interacciones corporales, brindando directo tributo a la teoría de la Cognición Corporal. Sin embargo existe un vacío en la aplicación de TUI para la educación de trigonometría. Esta investigación consistió en diseñar y validar una interfaz tangible para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de trigonometría inicial. La interfaz alberga una experiencia de aprendizaje que privilegia la exploración, el uso de la intuición, y fomenta el aprendizaje colaborativo. Se realizó un Pre-Test diagnóstico con 119 estudiantes para determinar conocimientos previos dando un rendimiento promedio de 29.1%. Luego de dos intervenciones con la interfaz propuesta, los resultados de un Post-Test muestran un incremento del rendimiento en un 37.1%, lo que valida la efectividad pedagógica de la interfaz y experiencia pedagógica para el aprendizaje de conceptos básicos de trigonometría.

Despite increased global attention on violence against women, understanding the factors that lead to women becoming victims remains a critical challenge. Notably, the impact of domestic violence on women’s mobility—a critical determinant of their social and economic independence—has remained largely unexplored. This study bridges this gap, employing police records to quantify physical and psychological domestic violence, while leveraging mobile phone data to proxy women’s mobility. Our analyses reveal a negative correlation between physical violence and female mobility, an association that withstands robustness checks, including controls for economic independence variables like education, employment, and occupational segregation, bootstrapping of the data set, and applying a generalized propensity score matching identification strategy. The study emphasizes the potential causal role of physical violence on decreased female mobility, asserting the value of interdisciplinary research in exploring such multifaceted social phenomena to open avenues for preventive measures. The implications of this research extend into the realm of public policy and intervention development, offering new strategies to combat and ultimately eradicate domestic violence against women, thereby contributing to wider efforts toward gender equity.

This study introduces a novel, replicable methodology for analyzing employment dynamics within public sector agencies, focusing on turnover and staff longevity. The methodology is designed to be generalizable and applicable to diverse national contexts where detailed administrative data is available. Using payroll data from over 325,000 Chilean civil servants (2006—2020), we apply mixed-effects Cox survival models and linear mixed models to examine patterns of employment stability across state agencies. By incorporating Propensity Score Matching, we further enhance the causal interpretation of turnover changes, especially in post-election years. Finally, we introduce two key metrics—Service Frailty and Relative Turnover Difference—to quantify long-term stability and short-term, post-electoral disruptions. Our findings highlight substantial differences in turnover patterns between regular and post-election years, as well as significant inter-agency heterogeneity in turnover and employee longevity, largely driven by latent agency characteristics. While major covariates like contract type and staff rank account for some variation, much of the disparity stems from agency-specific factors. This framework offers precise, cross-nationally comparable benchmarks for understanding public sector employment dynamics. Additionally, the methodology contributes to the literature by providing transparent and scalable tools for analyzing workforce stability across different contexts.

We address the problem of long-term dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis (LTB) in semiclosed communities. These communities are congregate settings with the potential for sustained daily contact for weeks, months, and even years between their members. Basic examples of these communities are prisons, but certain urban/rural communities, some schools, among others could possibly fit well into this definition. These communities present a sort of ideal conditions for TB spread. In order to describe key relevant dynamics of the disease in these communities, we consider a five compartments SEIR model with five possible routes toward TB infection: primary infection after a contact with infected and infectious individuals (fast TB), endogenous reactivation after a period of latency (slow TB), relapse by natural causes after a cure, exogenous reinfection of latently infected, and exogenous reinfection of recovered individuals. We discuss the possible existence of multiple endemic equilibrium states and the role that the two types of exogenous reinfections in the long-term dynamics of the disease could play.

Abstract Human mobility is strongly associated with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 via air travel on an international scale and with population mixing and the number of people moving between locations on a local scale. However, these conclusions are drawn mostly from observations in the context of the global north where international and domestic connectivity is heavily influenced by the air travel network; scenarios where land-based mobility can also dominate viral spread remain understudied. Furthermore, research on the effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has mostly focused on national- or regional-scale implementations, leaving gaps in our understanding of the potential benefits of implementing NPIs at higher granularity. Here, we use Chile as a model to explore the role of human mobility on disease spread within the global south; the country implemented a systematic genomic surveillance program and NPIs at a very high spatial granularity. We combine viral genomic data, anonymized human mobility data from mobile phones and official records of international travelers entering the country to characterize the routes of importation of different variants, the relative contributions of airport and land border importations, and the real-time impact of the country's mobility network on the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2. The introduction of variants which are dominant in neighboring countries (and not detected through airport genomic surveillance) is predicted by land border crossings and not by air travelers, and the strength of connectivity between comunas (Chile's lowest administrative divisions) predicts the time of arrival of imported lineages to new locations. A higher stringency of local NPIs was also associated with fewer domestic viral importations. Our analysis sheds light on the drivers of emerging respiratory infectious disease spread outside of air travel and on the consequences of disrupting regular movement patterns at lower spatial scales.

Internal factors-such as psychological traits or individual attitudes-relate to and explain political cleavages. Yet, little is known about how locus of control, agency, and modal attitudes impact political ideology. Utilizing textual analysis within the context of the Chilean 2015 constituent process, we go beyond traditional survey methods to explore community clusters in “Values” and “Rights” networks built upon the deliberation of 106,000 people. Our findings reveal distinct attitudinal patterns across political orientations: the progressive left generally exhibits a more propositive and non-agentic attitude, the traditional left adopts an evaluative stance towards values, and the right-wing community leans towards a factual attitude but shifts to an evaluative stance when discussing rights. These results underscore the role of psychological constructs in shaping political ideologies and introduce textual analysis as a robust tool for psychological and political inquiry. The study offers a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of political behavior and provides a new lens through which to examine the psychology of political ideology.