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    Re‐emergent Tremor in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of the Motor Cortex
    (2020)
    Giorgio Leodori
    ;
    Daniele Belvisi
    ;
    Maria I. De Bartolo
    ;
    Andrea Fabbrini
    ;
    Matteo Costanzo
    Scopus© Citations 38  1
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    Scopus© Citations 13  3
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    Global Perceptions and Utilization of Clinical Neurophysiology in Movement Disorders
    (2024)
    Panagiotis Kassavetis
    ;
    Robert Chen
    ;
    Christos Ganos
    ;
    Mark Hallett
    ;
    Masashi Hamada
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Clinical neurophysiology (CNP) involves the use of neurophysiological techniques to make an accurate clinical diagnosis, to quantify the severity, and to measure the treatment response. Despite several studies showing CNP to be a useful diagnostic tool in Movement Disorders (MD), its more widespread utilization in clinical practice has been limited.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>To better understand the current availability, global perceptions, and challenges for implementation of diagnostic CNP in the clinical practice of MD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (IPMDS) formed a Task Force on CNP. The Task Force distributed an online survey via email to all the members of the IPMDS between August 5 and 30, 2021. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of the survey results. Some results are presented by IPMDS geographical sections namely PanAmerican (PAS), European (ES), African (AFR), Asian and Oceanian (AOS).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and ninety‐one IPMDS members (52% males), from 196 countries, responded. The majority of responders from the AFR (65%) and PAS (63%) sections had no formal training in diagnostic CNP (40% for AOS and 37% for ES). The most commonly used techniques are electroencephalography (EEG) (72%) followed by surface EMG (71%). The majority of responders think that CNP is somewhat valuable or very valuable in the assessment of MD. All the sections identified “lack of training” as one of the biggest challenges for diagnostic CNP studies in MD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>CNP is perceived to be a useful diagnostic tool in MD. Several challenges were identified that prevent widespread utilization of CNP in MD.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 6  4
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    How to Do an Electrophysiological Study of Myoclonus
    (2022) ;
    Shabbir Hussain I. Merchant
    ;
    Patrick McGurrin
    ;
    Mark Hallett
      1Scopus© Citations 6
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    Post‐Traumatic Jerky Scapula and Neck: Neurophysiological Evidence of Functional Etiology
    (Wiley, 2025-01-06) ;
    Marcelo Miranda
    ;
    Alberto J. Espay
    ;
    Karlo J. Lizarraga
      3
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    A novel exaggerated “spino-bulbo-spinal like” reflex of lower brainstem origin
    (2019)
    Shabbir Hussain Merchant
    ;
    ;
    Giorgio Leodori
    ;
    Stanley Fahn
    ;
    Seth L. Pullman
      10Scopus© Citations 4
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    Myoclonus generators in sialidosis
    (2022) ;
    Patrick McGurrin
    ;
    Sanaz Attaripour
    ;
    Alesandra d'Azzo
    ;
    Cynthia J. Tifft
    Scopus© Citations 3  1
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    BacAv, a new free online platform for clinical back-averaging
    (2020) ;
    Sanaz Attaripour
    ;
    Patrick McGurrin
    ;
    Mark Hallett
    Scopus© Citations 6  4
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    The role of the inferior parietal lobule in writer’s cramp
    (2020)
    Shabbir Hussain I Merchant
    ;
    Eleni Frangos
    ;
    Jacob Parker
    ;
    Megan Bradson
    ;
    Tianxia Wu
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Humans have a distinguishing ability for fine motor control that is subserved by a highly evolved cortico-motor neuronal network. The acquisition of a particular motor skill involves a long series of practice movements, trial and error, adjustment and refinement. At the cortical level, this acquisition begins in the parieto-temporal sensory regions and is subsequently consolidated and stratified in the premotor-motor cortex. Task-specific dystonia can be viewed as a corruption or loss of motor control confined to a single motor skill. Using a multimodal experimental approach combining neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation, we explored interactions between the principal nodes of the fine motor control network in patients with writer’s cramp and healthy matched controls. Patients and healthy volunteers underwent clinical assessment, diffusion-weighted MRI for tractography, and functional MRI during a finger tapping task. Activation maps from the task-functional MRI scans were used for target selection and neuro-navigation of the transcranial magnetic stimulation. Single- and double-pulse TMS evaluation included measurement of the input-output recruitment curve, cortical silent period, and amplitude of the motor evoked potentials conditioned by cortico-cortical interactions between premotor ventral (PMv)-motor cortex (M1), anterior inferior parietal lobule (aIPL)-M1, and dorsal inferior parietal lobule (dIPL)-M1 before and after inducing a long term depression-like plastic change to dIPL node with continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation in a randomized, sham-controlled design. Baseline dIPL-M1 and aIPL-M1 cortico-cortical interactions were facilitatory and inhibitory, respectively, in healthy volunteers, whereas the interactions were converse and significantly different in writer’s cramp. Baseline PMv-M1 interactions were inhibitory and similar between the groups. The dIPL-PMv resting state functional connectivity was increased in patients compared to controls, but no differences in structural connectivity between the nodes were observed. Cortical silent period was significantly prolonged in writer’s cramp. Making a long term depression-like plastic change to dIPL node transformed the aIPL-M1 interaction to inhibitory (similar to healthy volunteers) and cancelled the PMv-M1 inhibition only in the writer’s cramp group. These findings suggest that the parietal multimodal sensory association region could have an aberrant downstream influence on the fine motor control network in writer’s cramp, which could be artificially restored to its normal function.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 33  1