SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA
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SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA
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patriciasoto@udd.cl
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56951221700

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Theta and Alpha Oscillation Impairments in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Reflect Working Memory Deficit

2017 , Josefina Larrain-Valenzuela , ZAMORANO M, FRANCISCO JAVIER , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , Ximena Carrasco , Claudia Herrera , Francisca Daiber , Francisco Aboitiz , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO

A dysfunction in the excitatory–inhibitory (E/I) coordination in neuronal assembly has been proposed as a possible neurobiological mechanism of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the potential impact of this mechanism in cognitive performance is not fully explored. Since the main consequence of E/I dysfunction is an impairment in oscillatory activity and its underlying cognitive computations, we assessed the electroencephalographic activity of ASD and typically developing (TD) subjects during a working-memory task. We found that ASD subjects committed more errors than TD subjects. Moreover, TD subjects demonstrated a parametric modulation in the power of alpha and theta band while ASD subjects did not demonstrate significant modulations. The preceding leads to significant differences between the groups in both the alpha power placed on the occipital cortex and the theta power placed on the left premotor and the right prefrontal cortex. The impaired theta modulation correlated with autistic symptoms. The results indicated that ASD may present an alteration in the recruitment of the oscillatory activity during working-memory, and this alteration could be related to the physiopathology of the disorder.

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Us versus them mentality in football fans: Significant social defeat engages the mentalization network and disengages cognitive control areas

2022 , ZAMORANO MENDIETA, FRANCISCO , CARVAJAL PAREDES, PATRICIO ALEJANDRO , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , César Salinas , STECHER GUZMAN, XIMENA PATRICIA , MUÑOZ REYES, JOSÉ ANTONIO , Vladimir López , Waldemar Méndez , Joel Barrera , Gonzalo Aragón-Caqueo , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO

Social affiliation is one of the building blocks that shapes cultures and communities. This motivation contributes to the development of social bonding among individuals within a group, enjoying rights, assuming obligations, and strengthening its identity. Evidence has shown that social affiliation has inspired different social phenomena, such as wars, political movements, social struggles, among others, based on two human motivations: the ingroup love and the outgroup hate. One contemporary group to study as a proxy of social affiliation, and ingroup and outgroup motivations is the sports competition. However, this affiliation model has been poorly considered in social neuroscience research. This research aimed to shed light on the neurobiological networks that are related to social affiliation in football fans of two of the most popular Chilean football teams. Methods: To this end, 43 male fans of two football rival teams watched videos of winning and losing goals of their favorite team while their brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results: The results showed that while the activation of the reward system was observed in fans when their team scores goals against the rival, both the activation of the mentalization network and the inhibition of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were associated with the emotional correlates of defeat in football fans. Conclusions: Taking these findings together could contribute to a deeper understanding of social affiliation, and more importantly, of extreme affiliation phenomena, and fanaticism.

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Development of social skills in children: neural and behavioral evidence for the elaboration of cognitive models

2015 , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , Francisco Aboitiz , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO

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Dataset - Differences in cortical processing of facial emotions in broader autism phenotype

2020 , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition that affects face perception. Evidence shows that there are differences in face perception associated with the processing of low spatial frequency (LSF) and high spatial frequency (HSF) of visual stimuli between non-symptomatic relatives of individuals with autism (broader autism phenotype, BAP) and typically developing individuals. However, the neural mechanisms involved in these differences are not fully understood. Here we tested whether face-sensitive event related potentials could serve as neuronal markers of differential spatial frequency processing, and whether these potentials could differentiate non-symptomatic parents of children with autism (pASD) from parents of typically developing children (pTD). To this end, we performed electroencephalographic recordings of both groups of parents while they had to recognize emotions of face pictures composed of the same or different emotions (happiness or anger) presented in different spatial frequencies. We found no significant differences in the accuracy between groups but lower amplitude modulation in the Late Positive Potential activity in pASD. Source analysis showed a difference in the right posterior part of the superior temporal region that correlated with ASD symptomatology of the child. These results reveal differences in brain processing of recognition of facial emotion in BAP that could be a precursor of ASD.

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A multimodal interface for speech perception: the role of the left superior temporal sulcus in social cognition and autism

2024 , Leonie Kausel , Maëva Michon , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , Francisco Aboitiz

Abstract Multimodal integration is crucial for human interaction, in particular for social communication, which relies on integrating information from various sensory modalities. Recently a third visual pathway specialized in social perception was proposed, which includes the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) playing a key role in processing socially relevant cues and high-level social perception. Importantly, it has also recently been proposed that the left STS contributes to audiovisual integration of speech processing. In this article, we propose that brain areas along the right STS that support multimodal integration for social perception and cognition can be considered homologs to those in the left, language-dominant hemisphere, sustaining multimodal integration of speech and semantic concepts fundamental for social communication. Emphasizing the significance of the left STS in multimodal integration and associated processes such as multimodal attention to socially relevant stimuli, we underscore its potential relevance in comprehending neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by challenges in social communication such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Further research into this left lateral processing stream holds the promise of enhancing our understanding of social communication in both typical development and ASD, which may lead to more effective interventions that could improve the quality of life for individuals with atypical neurodevelopment.

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Patients recovering from COVID-19 who presented with anosmia during their acute episode have behavioral, functional, and structural brain alterations

2024 , Leonie Kausel , Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas , José Zamorano-abramson , STECHER GUZMAN, XIMENA PATRICIA , Mauricio Aspé-Sánchez , Claudio Román , Patricio Carvajal-Paredes , Victor Márquez-Rodríguez , Patricio Soto-Fernández , Reinaldo Uribe-San-Martín , Gabriela Valdebenito-Oyarzo , Rodrigo Henríquez-Ch , Carla Manterola , SILVA FUENTE ALBA, CLAUDIO SERGIO , Francisco Aboitiz , María Paz Martínez-Molina , Rafael Polania , Pamela Guevara , MUÑOZ VENTURELLI, PAULA ANDREA , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO

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Beta oscillations precede joint attention and correlate with mentalization in typical development and autism

2019 , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , Lorena Vargas , Francisco Aboitiz , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO

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Oscillatory activity underlying cognitive performance in children and adolescents with autism: a systematic review

2024 , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , Patricio Soto-Fernández , Leonie Kausel , MÁRQUEZ RODRÍGUEZ, VÍCTOR JULIO , Patricio Carvajal-Paredes , María Paz Martínez-Molina , Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that exhibits a widely heterogeneous range of social and cognitive symptoms. This feature has challenged a broad comprehension of this neurodevelopmental disorder and therapeutic efforts to address its difficulties. Current therapeutic strategies have focused primarily on treating behavioral symptoms rather than on brain psychophysiology. During the past years, the emergence of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) has opened alternatives to the design of potential combined treatments focused on the neurophysiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders like ASD. Such interventions require identifying the key brain mechanisms underlying the symptomatology and cognitive features. Evidence has shown alterations in oscillatory features of the neural ensembles associated with cognitive functions in ASD. In this line, we elaborated a systematic revision of the evidence of alterations in brain oscillations that underlie key cognitive processes that have been shown to be affected in ASD during childhood and adolescence, namely, social cognition, attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. This knowledge could contribute to developing therapies based on NIBS to improve these processes in populations with ASD.

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Theta and alpha oscillations may underlie improved attention and working memory in musically trained children

2024 , Leonie Kausel , F. Zamorano , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO , M. E. Sutherland , M. I. Alliende , LARRAÍN VALENZUELA, MARÍA JOSEFINA , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , F. Aboitiz

AbstractIntroduction: Attention and working memory are key cognitive functions that allow us to select and maintain information in our mind for a short time, being essential for our daily life and, in particular, for learning and academic performance. It has been shown that musical training can improve working memory performance, but it is still unclear if and how the neural mechanisms of working memory and particularly attention are implicated in this process. In this work, we aimed to identify the oscillatory signature of bimodal attention and working memory that contributes to improved working memory in musically trained children.Materials and methods: We recruited children with and without musical training and asked them to complete a bimodal (auditory/visual) attention and working memory task, whereas their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography. Behavioral, time–frequency, and source reconstruction analyses were made.Results: Results showed that, overall, musically trained children performed better on the task than children without musical training. When comparing musically trained children with children without musical training, we found modulations in the alpha band pre‐stimuli onset and the beginning of stimuli onset in the frontal and parietal regions. These correlated with correct responses to the attended modality. Moreover, during the end phase of stimuli presentation, we found modulations correlating with correct responses independent of attention condition in the theta and alpha bands, in the left frontal and right parietal regions.Conclusions: These results suggest that musically trained children have improved neuronal mechanisms for both attention allocation and memory encoding. Our results can be important for developing interventions for people with attention and working memory difficulties.

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Brain structural parameters correlate with University Selection Test outcomes in Chilean high school graduates

2022 , Daniza Ivanovic , ZAMORANO M, FRANCISCO JAVIER , SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA , Tatiana Rojas , Atilio Almagià , SILVA FUENTE ALBA, CLAUDIO SERGIO , Claudia Bustamante , Violeta Arancibia , Francisca Villagrán , Rodrigo Valenzuela , Cynthia Barrera , Cristián Larraín , BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO

AbstractHow well students learn and perform in academic contexts is a focus of interest for the students, their families, and the entire educational system. Although evidence has shown that several neurobiological factors are involved in scholastic achievement (SA), specific brain measures associated with academic outcomes and whether such associations are independent of other factors remain unclear. This study attempts to identify the relationship between brain structural parameters, and the Chilean national University Selection Test (PSU) results in high school graduates within a multidimensional approach that considers socio-economic, intellectual, nutritional, and demographic variables. To this end, the brain morphology of a sample of 102 students who took the PSU test was estimated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anthropometric parameters, intellectual ability (IA), and socioeconomic status (SES) were also measured. The results revealed that, independently of sex, IA, gray matter volume, right inferior frontal gyrus thickness, and SES were significantly associated with SA. These findings highlight the role of nutrition, health, and socioeconomic variables in academic success.

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