PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA
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PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA
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PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA
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apinheiro@udd.cl
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57214257688

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Publication

Food insecurity and its determinants in a vulnerable area of Santiago, Chile

2022 , ANNA CHRISTINA, PINHEIRO FERNANDES , Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli , Jacqueline Araneda-Flores , Rogerio Antonio de Oliveira , Tito Pizarro , Mónica Suarez-Reyes , Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira

This study aims to identify the determinants associated to food insecurity in a group of households composed of schoolchildren and their mothers/caregivers, who lived in a low-to-medium community development index area of the city of Santiago, Chile with a high presence of migrant population. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample was made up of 646 people, who answered a series of surveys with the aim of characterizing this group in sociodemographic terms (sex, age, number of inhabitants in the household, place of food purchase, conditional or non-conditional state transfer program beneficiary status, persons in charge of purchasing food for the household, mothers/caregivers education level and basic knowledge of food and nutrition). To assess moderate-to-severe food insecurity and severe food insecurity, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale-FIES was applied between September and October 2021. Logistic regression analysis were used to carry out multivariate analyses, with the use of stepwise back-and-forward strategies for the selected variables and defining p < 0.05. These models were adjusted per number of inhabitants in the household. The results indicate that 25.4% of households presented moderate-to-severe food insecurity, and 6.4% severe food insecurity experience. The variables that presented significant odds of risk to food insecurity were being a migrant, low maternal education level, low performance on basic knowledge in nutrition and when the father was responsible for food purchases. Several public policies have been implemented in Chile during the most recent decades aimed at increasing access to healthier foods and the implementation of healthier food environments. Despite this, there are still social and economic health determinants that contribute to the risk of odds insecurity for the most vulnerable groups in the country, thus putting at risk the fulfillment of the human right to adequate food at risk.

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Barreras para una alimentación saludable: un análisis cualitativo de las semánticas emergentes en las comunidades escolares de Ciudad Sur

2024 , Andrea Flores , Carlos Díaz-Ramírez , José Luis Palacios-Pino , PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA , Tito Pizarro-Quevedo , Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac , Luis Sáez-Tonacca

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Hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de niños y niñas que asisten a las Escuelas Deportivas Integrales del Instituto Nacional de Deporte, Región de Ñuble

2020 , Pamela Castillo , Jacqueline Araneda , ANNA CHRISTINA, PINHEIRO FERNANDES

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Publication

Food Availability in Different Food Environments Surrounding Schools in a Vulnerable Urban Area of Santiago, Chile: Exploring Socioeconomic Determinants

2022 , ANNA CHRISTINA, PINHEIRO FERNANDES , Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli , Jacqueline Araneda Flores , Claudio Álvarez , Mónica Suárez-Reyes , José Luis Palacios , Tito Pizarro Quevedo , Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira

The analysis of the food environment is used to identify areas with gaps in the availability of healthy foods and can be used as a public policy assessment tool. In recent decades, Chile has implemented several strategies and regulations to improve food environments, with encouraging results. Little is known about the scope of these measures in socially vulnerable environments. This study is part of a project that seeks to build an integrated intervention model for healthy school environments in a vulnerable area of Santiago, Chile. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of healthy and unhealthy foods around schools and the relationship between it and socioeconomic determinants of the school community in the Chilean context. A cross-sectional study to measure the food environment of informal markets (street food), formal markets (stores), and institutions (schools) was conducted in and around 12 schools (100 m surrounding schools) in a vulnerable urban area of Santiago, Chile. A lack of healthy foods was observed, which was related to some socio-economic determinants and the multidimensional poverty was the most relevant. The diagnosis of food environments around schools can represent an important target for governments to implement policies focused at improving the availability of healthy foods.

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Inseguridad alimentaria y hábitos alimentarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en hogares chilenos

2021 , Jacqueline Araneda , PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA , Tito Pizarro

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Development and Validation of a Set of Instruments to Measure Food Environments

2022 , Jacqueline Araneda-Flores , Patricio Oliva Moresco , Gladys Quezada-Figueroa , Luz Lobos-Fernandez , Barbara Leyton , ANNA CHRISTINA, PINHEIRO FERNANDES

Background: There is worldwide interest in measuring local food environments (FEs). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a set of instruments to evaluate FEs in Chile. Methods: Based on the development and validation of four instruments to measure FEs, a literature review, an evaluation by experts, and the implementation of a pilot tool in the FEs of schoolchildren from nine public schools in the commune of Chillán, Chile, were used. Results: A tool to evaluate FEs was provided, based on three dimensions: availability, variety, and advertising of healthy foods. A total of 1928 foods points of purchase were evaluated. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha. Some 74% of the foods’ points of purchase were store locations. The reliability of the four instruments was high to acceptable (store: 0.90; institution: 0.77; street food: 0.74; restaurant: 0.68). Unhealthy foods were highlighted by the scores obtained: store (6.08 ± 4.07; range: 0–13), restaurant (3.95 ± 1.75; range: 0–10), street food (1.18 ± 1.56; range: 0–7), and institution FEs (3.38 ± 2.78; range: 0–9). Conclusions: The results of this tool can provide information to governments for incorporating structural measures to ensure adequate availability, variety, and advertising of healthy foods in different FEs.

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Ambiente alimentar e excesso de peso em escolares: uma revisão sistemática sul-americana

2022 , Najla de Oliveira Cardozo , Alex Harley Crisp , PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA , Angela Cristina Bizzotto Trude , Jacqueline Araneda-Flores , Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira

Objetivo.

Identificar e compilar os achados de estudos observacionais que analisaram a relação de fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola com excesso de peso em escolares da América do Sul no período de 2011 a 2021.

Métodos.

A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus e LILACS) e no Google Scholar, além de consulta a especialistas. Foram selecionados estudos observacionais com escolares de 5 a 19 anos, realizados na América do Sul, que usaram medidas objetivas para avaliar excesso de peso, como o índice de massa corporal (Organização Mundial da Saúde e/ou International Obesity Task Force), em associação a fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola. O protocolo foi registrado na plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42020212383).

Resultados.

Dos 906 registros identificados, 13 estudos transversais (um da Argentina, um do Equador e 11 do Brasil) foram incluídos na revisão. As prevalências variaram de 7,5% a 32,5% para sobrepeso e 1,7% a 28,0% para obesidade. Fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar, dos domínios político e físico (como educação alimentar e nutricional insatisfatória e indisponibilidade de refeições preparadas na escola) se associaram com maiores prevalências de excesso de peso. Fatores individuais relacionados à adesão ao programa de alimentação escolar (como consumo da alimentação oferecida pela escola ao invés de lanche trazido de casa) se associaram a menores prevalências de excesso de peso.

Conclusões.

São escassos os estudos sul-americanos enfocando a associação entre fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e/ou individuais e excesso de peso em escolares. As evidências restritas a contextos locais ou regionais incentivam novos estudos de abrangência nacional.

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Publication

Lifestyle Habits and Health Indicators in Migrants and Native Schoolchildren in Chile

2021 , Mónica Suárez-Reyes , Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli , PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA , Cristian Cofré-Bolados , Tito Pizarro

In Chile, the migrant population has increased in the last years. Migrants adopt behaviors of this new culture, which can have an effect on their health. Contradictory results regarding differences between migrant and native children have been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between nationality with health indicator and lifestyle habits among schoolchildren in Chile. A cross-sectional and observational study with a non-probabilistic sample was conducted in 1033 children (86.4% Chilean and 13.6% migrant) from second to fourth grade of seven public schools from low-income municipalities from the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular folds), handgrip strength, and standing long jump measurements, physical activity, self-esteem and food guidelines accomplishments were determined. Migrant children presented lower body mass index (BMI), Z-BMI, body fat% and waist circumference values; and higher handgrip strength, standing long jump, and more satisfactory compliance with food guidelines than natives (p < 0.05). No significant difference for physical activity and self-esteem was observed. In the adjusted models, migrants presented lower odds for overweight/obesity, risk of abdominal obesity, low handgrip strength and unsatisfactory food guidelines accomplishment in all models (p < 0.05). The nutritional and muscular fitness of migrant children was better than that of the Chilean ones.

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Prácticas y preferencias alimentarias y de actividad física en niños y niñas: Una aproximación desde los Parlamentos Escolares en establecimientos educacionales

2023 , Tito Pizarro , Macarena Jara , Daisy Margarit , José Luis Palacios , PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA , Katherine Páez , Mónica Suárez-Reyes , Daniela Silva , Álvaro Arias , Marcela Rivas , Maria Astudillo , Daniela González

En Chile la malnutrición por exceso continúa en aumento, afectando especialmente a la población infantil. Solucionar esta problemática de salud pública requiere desarrollar estrategias de promoción y prevención que consideren las propuestas de las comunidades, especialmente la de los propios niños y niñas. Objetivo: Conocer las opiniones y sugerencias de niños y niñas de tercero y cuarto básico de escuelas de la zona sur de Santiago de Chile, respecto de sus prácticas alimentarias y de actividad física, en el marco del proyecto FONDEF IT 1810016. Sujetos y Método: Se desarrollaron siete parlamentos escolares en siete escuelas mediante una metodología cualitativa participativa, recogiendo las opiniones de 176 niños y niñas acerca de sus hábitos y preferencias tanto de alimentos como de actividad física. Resultados: Los alimentos más consumidos y preferidos son aquellos fáciles de preparar y de alta disponibilidad, como pan, tallarines y leche. Los alimentos que requieren preparación, como pescado, legumbres, frutas, verduras y preparaciones caseras, son menos consumidos y tienen menos preferencia. En las actividades físicas recreativas destacan los videojuegos y el fútbol. Los estudiantes proponen aumentar las horas de educación física, los recreos y mejorar la disponibilidad y acceso a alimentos saludables en los entornos escolares como estrategia de solución al problema de la malnutrición por exceso. Conclusiones: Los Parlamentos Escolares como estrategia participativa aportan en la generación conjunta de conocimiento. La necesidad de incluir a las comunidades como partes interesadas en las iniciativas de salud, reconoce a través de su participación, a los niños y las niñas como actores sujetos de derechos.

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Impact of front-of-pack labeling on food purchase pattern in Chile

2021 , PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA , QUINTILIANO SCARPELLI DOURADO , DAIANA APARECIDA , Tatiana Gomes Ramires , Jacqueline Alejandra Araneda Flores

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