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    High earnings through firm influence: the role of hierarchical structures in public procurement
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-31)
    Niclas Frederic Sturm
    ;
    CANDIA VALLEJOS, CRISTIAN ESTEBAN  
    ;
    Bruno Damásio
    ;
    Flávio L. Pinheiro
    Scopus© Citations 2  2
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    Complexity defying macroeconomics
    (2023)
    PANIAGUA PRIETO, PABLO IGNACIO  
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This article contributes to the literature on complexity and macroeconomic models by exploring the analytical relationship and tensions between complex phenomena and macroeconomics. By evaluating the properties of organised complexity, this article suggests alternative strategies for analysing the macroeconomy. Drawing on F. A. Hayek’s notion of organised complexity, I examine how its causal properties relate to the analytical criteria and assumptions that contemporary macroeconomic models use. The purpose is twofold: first, I associate the properties of complexity to the idea of the macroeconomy as an emergent totality arising from the causal interplay between individuals and the organising structure. This conceptually challenges modern macro and frames analytical tensions between complexity and macroeconomic analysis. Second, introducing complexity facilitates breaking away from current analytical and conceptual straitjackets in macroeconomics. Economic inquiry requires looking for alternative ways beyond standard models to analyse the macroeconomy as an emergent totality. This suggests stepping away from current formalistic methods and radical reductionism, in favour of unconventional strategies and approaches that are sensitive to rules, structures, and the causal properties of organised complexity.</jats:p>
      4Scopus© Citations 11
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    A simple index of innovation with complexity
    (2017)
    Fernandez Donoso, José
    Scopus© Citations 28  1
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    Scopus© Citations 2  3
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    Non-linear heart rate dynamics during and after three controlled exercise intensities in healthy men
    (2021)
    J. Naranjo-Orellana
    ;
    C. Nieto-Jiménez
    ;
    J.F. Ruso-Álvarez
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to analyse the complexity and fractal nature of heartbeat during constant exercise, at three different intensities, and recovery.</jats:p><jats:p>Fourteen healthy men underwent 4 separate sessions. The first session was an incremental treadmill test to determine ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS). Each subject ran at VT1 and VT2 speeds and MAS (second, third and fourth day). The duration of VT1 and VT2 loads were selected in such a way that the product intensity-duration (training load) was the same. Sample Entropy (SampEn) and slope of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA α1) were measured during the whole session.</jats:p><jats:p>DFA α1 declines with exercise, being less in the VT1 trial than in the other two.</jats:p><jats:p>SampEn shows no significant change during exercise. The three tests induce the same decline in SampEn, but at the highest intensity (MAS) tends to decline during the exercise itself, whereas at lower intensities (VT1, VT2) the decline is delayed (10 min of recovery). Subsequently, SampEn at VT1 gradually recovers, whereas at VT2 and MAS it remains stable during recovery.</jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, exercise produces a loss of heartbeat complexity, but not fractal nature, during recovery and it depends on intensity.</jats:p>
      2Scopus© Citations 11