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    Water Security and Multi-Sector Trade-Offs Under Climate Change: A Hydro-Economic Model for the Biobío River Basin, Chile
    (World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, 2025-03-29)
    Francisco Fernández Jorquera
    ;
    Esteban Arias Montevechio
    ;
    María Victoria Ferrera Cordero
    ;
    Mauricio Leiva
    ;
    Pablo S. González
    Water availability has been declining in recent years due to climate change. These decreases, in conjunction with rising temperatures and environmental changes, affect the behavior of various stakeholders, increasing the competition among water-consuming sectors to obtain this limited resource. In this study, we perform a hydro-economic model to analyze how the agricultural and residential sectors adapt to diverse climatic, social and regulation changes, using the Biobío basin in southern Chile as the case study. The model quantifies their economic welfare derived from using water as an input for their cropping activities and direct consumption, respectively, while maintaining environmental flows, rural drinking water, and supporting tourism activities. Furthermore, we assess the economic effects of increasing water security for the environment and tourism sectors. Results show that climate change and water security policies will have heterogeneous effects on water-consuming agents across different basin levels — higher-, medium-, and lower-basin levels — with the greatest effects being addressed by the higher-level basin. This heterogeneity is observed not only within the basin levels but also across economic sectors, being the agricultural sector significantly more affected by these policies than the residential sector. We conclude our analysis by suggesting that policymakers should tailor compensation measures to the most affected communities. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  6
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    The Water Management Impacts of Large-Scale Mining Operations: A Social and Environmental Perspective
    (2024)
    Katherine Arenas-Collao
    ;
    VALDÉS GONZÁLEZ, HÉCTOR MOISÉS  
    ;
    Lorenzo Reyes-Bozo
    ;
    José Luis Salazar
    <jats:p>This study investigates water consumption in two areas with limited water resources—the Salar de Atacama and Salar de Atacama-Vertiente Pacifico basins in Chile’s Antofagasta Region—with the aim of developing strategies that incorporate social and environmental aspects into water management. A qualitative approach was employed that involved a focus group with twelve water management representatives and surveys of the general population (468 responses). Additionally, the current state of water rights in the two basins was examined and the feasibility of the proposed strategies was assessed. The findings reveal that the mining industry’s development approach is mostly viewed as negative, mainly due to inadequate community engagement, confidential consumption data, and limited government oversight. The quantitative findings indicate that 53.8% of respondents see the main obstacle as the lack of a solution satisfying both parties. Additionally, 35.3%, 24.4%, and 22.4% believe transparency, objective information provision, and detailed resource usage disclosure by mining companies would help. Adopting a comprehensive water stewardship approach that considers social and environmental factors would enable a novel contribution to a more effective and sustainable water resource management system in northern Chile, mitigating communities’ negative perceptions of the industry and facilitating the integration of communities and involved agents. Therefore, improved management and transparent collaboration among stakeholders are essential for responsible water resource use in mining.</jats:p>
      7Scopus© Citations 8
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      3Scopus© Citations 24
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    Microbial Disruption Indices to Detect Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant Organisms
    (2017)
    Satish Munigala
    ;
    Kathleen M. McMullen
    ;
    Anthony J. Russo
    ;
    S. Reza Jafarzadeh
    ;
    Joan Hoppe-Bauer
    <jats:sec id="S0899823X17001908_abs1" sec-type="general"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE</jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the microbial disruption indices of hospitalized patients to predict colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0899823X17001908_abs2" sec-type="general"><jats:title>DESIGN</jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional survey of the fecal microbiome was conducted in a tertiary referral, acute-care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0899823X17001908_abs3" sec-type="general"><jats:title>PARTICIPANTS</jats:title><jats:p>The study population consisted of adult patients hospitalized in general medical/surgical wards.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0899823X17001908_abs4" sec-type="methods"><jats:title>METHODS</jats:title><jats:p>Rectal swabs were obtained from patients within 48 hours of hospital admission and screened for MDRO colonization using conventional culture techniques. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to assess the fecal microbiome. Microbial diversity and composition, as well as the functional potential of the microbial communities present in fecal samples, were compared between patients with and without MDRO colonization.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0899823X17001908_abs5" sec-type="results"><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 44 patients were included in the study, of whom 11 (25%) were colonized with at least 1 MDRO. Reduced microbial diversity and high abundance of metabolic pathways associated with multidrug-resistance mechanisms characterized the fecal microbiome of patients colonized with MDRO at hospital admission.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0899823X17001908_abs6" sec-type="conclusions"><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS</jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that microbial disruption indices may be key to predicting MDRO colonization and could provide novel infection control approaches.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol</jats:italic> 2017;38:1312–1318</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 16  1