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    Spatial navigation entropy suggests allocentric dysfunction in PPPD
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2025-05-16)
    Felipe Faúndez
    ;
    Camilo Arévalo-Romero
    ;
    Karen Villarroel
    ;
    Gustavo Vial
    ;
    Claudio Lavín
    Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a common chronic dizziness disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. It is hypothesized that PPPD may involve functional dysfunction of the construction of inner cognitive maps, leading to disrupted spatial cognition processes as a core feature. The present studies attempt to unravel the neural mechanisms that underlie spatial navigation in PPPD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Fifty-two participants completed the study: 19 PPPD patients, 20 control subjects with vestibular disorders but without PPPD (with comparable peripheral vestibular function to the PPPD group, and 13 healthy volunteers). All underwent a virtual Morris Water Maze (vMWM) task in both, non-immersive (NI) and virtual reality (VR) modalities, assessing spatial navigation performance, gaze behavior, and head kinematics.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>PPPD patients exhibited significantly worse navigation performance than both control groups across all metrics, with greater impairments in predominantly allocentric tasks. They also showed increased exploratory gaze behavior, unaffected by NI vs. VR modality or task condition. Head kinematics did not significantly differ between the three groups, though a non-significant trend indicated reduced head movement in both PPPD and vestibular controls. VR intolerance was highest in PPPD patients, followed by vestibular controls, with healthy volunteers showing the lowest discomfort.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that PPPD involves deficits in allocentric spatial navigation, likely due to predictive coding errors and impaired internal model updating, rather than sensory input dysfunction. Increased gaze scanning may reflect compensatory mechanisms for spatial uncertainty. Notably, VR immersion did not alter navigation performance, suggesting visuo-vestibular conflict is not the primary driver of PPPD-related spatial deficits. These findings offer new insights into PPPD as a disorder of spatial cognition, opening avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
      2
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    Cognitive function at first episode in patients subsequently developing treatment-resistant schizophrenia
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-02)
    Juan M. Aguirre
    ;
    Camila Díaz Dellarossa
    ;
    Daniella Barbagelata
    ;
    Javiera Vásquez
    ;
    Cristián Mena
    Scopus© Citations 1  3
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    Item type:Publication,
    Entrepreneurial identity construction among communitarians: unravelling the psychological mechanisms
    (Emerald, 2025-02-07) ;
    Cristina Acuña
    ;
    MAHN BORKOWSKY, DANIEL
    ;
    Felipe Rifo
    <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Nurturing the social identity approach, encompassing social identity theory and self-categorisation theory, this study aims to unravel the process of entrepreneurial identity construction among communitarians. It seeks to uncover the psychological mechanisms through which entrepreneurs categorise themselves as communitarians, highlighting the importance of community salience, trust and engagement.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title><jats:p>This quantitative study comprises a sample consisting of 253 entrepreneurs. This research presents a sequential mediation model, drawing on salience, trust and engagement as antecedents of social entrepreneurial identity. By analysing the step-by-step mediation process, the research offers a nuanced understanding of how these community dynamics contribute to shaping entrepreneurial identity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title><jats:p>Entrepreneurs deeply connected to their communities do not naturally identify as communitarians; rather, it is the trust they build and the engagement they foster that shape their entrepreneurial identity. Communal bonds are not merely a backdrop for entrepreneurship but a driving force that moulds identity and action. This study evidenced that the salience of community positively influences community trust and engagement, which, in turn, enhances the development of entrepreneurial identity as communitarians. This underscores the role of social dynamics in shaping entrepreneurial attitudes, beliefs and behaviours.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title><jats:p>This research confers a deeper understanding of how entrepreneurs construct and enact their identities, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between social context, shaping attitudes, cognition and behaviours. Exploring entrepreneurial identity among communitarians offers new insights into how social dynamics shape entrepreneurial actions. The study’s value extends to practical applications, offering guidance for policymakers and community leaders in fostering supportive environments that enhance entrepreneurship through greater community engagement and trust.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      8Scopus© Citations 7
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    Phenomenological Mapping: A Method For Understanding Pre-Reflective Consciousness
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-12-28)
    Cristóbal Pacheco
    ;
      2
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    Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Violence: Child Abuse, Attitudes, Impulsivity, Reactive and Proactive Aggression; Automatic or Complex Processes?
    <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent dating violence (ADV) research has neglected the environmental factors at play in contexts of perpetration. This study, conducted in Chile, investigated the socio‐cognitive processes inherent to the relationship between child abuse and ADV perpetration by examining the association between child abuse, impulsivity, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, attitudes that rationalize or justify ADV, and actual ADV perpetration. Data were collected from 655 adolescents using self‐reported measures of child abuse, impulsivity, reactive and proactive aggression, attitudes justifying ADV, and ADV perpetration using structural equation modeling. Having experienced child abuse predicted higher levels of impulsivity, which in turn predicted higher levels of aggressive traits, both for reactive and proactive aggression. Proactive aggression predicted higher levels of ADV perpetration, whereas reactive aggression did not. While we did not find that child abuse predicted a greater propensity for ADV, nor that such a disposition indicated a higher level of proactive aggression by influencing ADV perpetration, we did find that a positive attitude toward ADV predicted a higher frequency of ADV perpetration. Our results suggest that the socio‐cognitive process underlying ADV involves automatic and complex processes stemming from child abuse, thus linking environmental and individual factors.</jats:p>
      10
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    Scopus© Citations 3  8
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    Acute effects of high-intensity short-duration exercise on cognitive responses depends on daytime
    (2024)
    M.R. Kunzler
    ;
    M.D. Pereira
    ;
    J. Alvarez-Ruf
    ;
    F.P. Carpes
      5
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    Six-month post-intensive care outcomes during high and low bed occupancy due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter prospective cohort study
    <jats:sec id="sec001"> <jats:title>Introduction</jats:title> <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as a natural experiment to test how bed occupancy affects post-intensive care unit (ICU) patient’s functional outcomes. To compare by bed occupancy the frequency of mental, physical, and cognitive impairments in patients admitted to ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Prospective cohort of adults mechanically ventilated &gt;48 hours in 19 ICUs from seven Chilean public and private hospitals. Ninety percent of nationwide beds occupied was the cut-off for low versus high bed occupancy. At ICU discharge, 3- and 6-month follow-up, we assessed disability using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Quality of life, mental, physical, and cognitive outcomes were also evaluated following the core outcome set for acute respiratory failure.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec003"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>We enrolled 252 participants, 103 (41%) during low and 149 (59%) during high bed occupancy. Patients treated during high occupancy were younger (P<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> [P<jats:sub>25</jats:sub>-P<jats:sub>75</jats:sub>]: 55 [44–63] vs 61 [51–71]; p&lt;0.001), more likely to be admitted due to COVID-19 (126 [85%] vs 65 [63%]; p&lt;0.001), and have higher education qualification (94 [63%] vs 48 [47%]; p = 0.03). No differences were found in the frequency of at least one mental, physical or cognitive impairment by bed occupancy at ICU discharge (low vs high: 93% vs 91%; p = 0.6), 3-month (74% vs 63%; p = 0.2) and 6-month (57% vs 57%; p = 0.9) follow-up.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec004"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>There were no differences in post-ICU outcomes between high and low bed occupancy. Most patients (&gt;90%) had at least one mental, physical or cognitive impairment at ICU discharge, which remained high at 6-month follow-up (57%).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec005"> <jats:title>Clinical trial registration</jats:title> <jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04979897" xlink:type="simple">NCT04979897</jats:ext-link> (clinicaltrials.gov).</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      3Scopus© Citations 3
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    The “when” matters: Evidence from memory markers in the clinical continuum of Alzheimer’s disease.
    (2023)
    Gonzalo Forno
    ;
    Mario A. Parra
    ;
    Daniela Thumala
    ;
    Roque Villagra
    ;
    Mauricio Cerda
      6Scopus© Citations 5
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    Multivariate word properties in fluency tasks reveal markers of Alzheimer's dementia
    (2023)
    Franco J. Ferrante
    ;
    Joaquín Migeot
    ;
    Agustina Birba
    ;
    Lucía Amoruso
    ;
    Gonzalo Pérez
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION</jats:title><jats:p>Verbal fluency tasks are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessments. Yet, standard valid response counts fail to reveal disease‐specific semantic memory patterns. Here, we leveraged automated word‐property analysis to capture neurocognitive markers of AD vis‐à‐vis behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS</jats:title><jats:p>Patients and healthy controls completed two fluency tasks. We counted valid responses and computed each word's frequency, granularity, neighborhood, length, familiarity, and imageability. These features were used for group‐level discrimination, patient‐level identification, and correlations with executive and neural (magnetic resonanance imaging [MRI], functional MRI [fMRI], electroencephalography [EEG]) patterns.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>Valid responses revealed deficits in both disorders. Conversely, frequency, granularity, and neighborhood yielded robust group‐ and subject‐level discrimination only in AD, also predicting executive outcomes. Disease‐specific cortical thickness patterns were predicted by frequency in both disorders. Default‐mode and salience network hypoconnectivity, and EEG beta hypoconnectivity, were predicted by frequency and granularity only in AD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION</jats:title><jats:p>Word‐property analysis of fluency can boost AD characterization and diagnosis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>We report novel word‐property analyses of verbal fluency in AD and bvFTD.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Standard valid response counts captured deficits and brain patterns in both groups.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Specific word properties (e.g., frequency, granularity) were altered only in AD.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Such properties predicted cognitive and neural (MRI, fMRI, EEG) patterns in AD.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Word‐property analysis of fluency can boost AD characterization and diagnosis.</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec>
      3Scopus© Citations 10