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Self-select groups increase stability but reduce collaboration in high school physics
(American Physical Society (APS), 2025-06-09)
Diego Ramírez
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Eugenio J. Guzmán-Lavín
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Javier Pulgar
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CANDIA VALLEJOS, CRISTIAN ESTEBAN
Group configurations shape social skills and learning outcomes by fostering student interaction and collaboration. Yet, the factors influencing group formation, social cohesion, and group stability have remained understudied in physics education. Here, we examine these factors in a cohort of 90 students from ninth and tenth grades at a private school in Chile. For a semester-long physics project, students were assigned to groups either through random allocation (control group) or given the autonomy to form their own groups (experimental group). Our findings indicate that the groups formed by choice developed stronger friendship bonds throughout the semester, while the groups formed randomly demonstrated greater levels of cooperation and more frequent changes in membership, suggesting weaker social cohesion. Additionally, tenth-grade students were more likely to stay in their original groups, possibly indicating increased social maturity. These findings emphasize the ongoing challenge in education of balancing student choice in group formation with the need for diverse group compositions that enhance learning. This study provides practical recommendations for physics teachers and researchers.
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Entrepreneurial identity construction among communitarians: unravelling the psychological mechanisms
(Emerald, 2025-02-07)
POBLETE CAZENAVE, CARLOS ABEL
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Cristina Acuña
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MAHN BORKOWSKY, DANIEL
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Felipe Rifo
<jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Nurturing the social identity approach, encompassing social identity theory and self-categorisation theory, this study aims to unravel the process of entrepreneurial identity construction among communitarians. It seeks to uncover the psychological mechanisms through which entrepreneurs categorise themselves as communitarians, highlighting the importance of community salience, trust and engagement.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title><jats:p>This quantitative study comprises a sample consisting of 253 entrepreneurs. This research presents a sequential mediation model, drawing on salience, trust and engagement as antecedents of social entrepreneurial identity. By analysing the step-by-step mediation process, the research offers a nuanced understanding of how these community dynamics contribute to shaping entrepreneurial identity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title><jats:p>Entrepreneurs deeply connected to their communities do not naturally identify as communitarians; rather, it is the trust they build and the engagement they foster that shape their entrepreneurial identity. Communal bonds are not merely a backdrop for entrepreneurship but a driving force that moulds identity and action. This study evidenced that the salience of community positively influences community trust and engagement, which, in turn, enhances the development of entrepreneurial identity as communitarians. This underscores the role of social dynamics in shaping entrepreneurial attitudes, beliefs and behaviours.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title><jats:p>This research confers a deeper understanding of how entrepreneurs construct and enact their identities, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between social context, shaping attitudes, cognition and behaviours. Exploring entrepreneurial identity among communitarians offers new insights into how social dynamics shape entrepreneurial actions. The study’s value extends to practical applications, offering guidance for policymakers and community leaders in fostering supportive environments that enhance entrepreneurship through greater community engagement and trust.</jats:p></jats:sec>
8Scopus© Citations 7
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Global Events Demand Global Data: COVID-19 Crisis Responses and the Future of Selling and Sales Management Around the Globe
(SAGE Publications, 2024-12-22)
Maria Rouziou
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Willy Bolander
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Karen Peesker
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Pia Hautamäki
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Deva Rangarajan
In the context of the global crisis presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors investigate the perspectives of sales managers regarding their organizations’ responses to the crisis and future expectations in a post-COVID-19 world. While there has been much discussion about these topics in the sales literature, very little research has examined them globally by collecting data from many nations and across many continents. Yet, how can global events be understood without analyzing global data? In response, the authors convened the first, to their knowledge, global data coalition by hosting video-recorded group interviews with 76 sales executives representing 27 nations. This inductive investigation, informed by institutional logics, reveals how organizations accepted new norms, retained old ones, or blended the old with the new in response to the crisis. The results simultaneously validate certain emerging concepts on a global scale (e.g., customer success management, bricolage) and give rise to several insights not currently detailed by extant scholarship (e.g., localization, cultural cringe). This work also catalyzes new, relevant avenues for international research and sheds light on issues facing sales practice globally.
Scopus© Citations 1 3
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Hydrogen Bond Contribution to Preferential Solvation in S<sub>N</sub>Ar Reactions
(2013)
Rodrigo Ormazabal-Toledo
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José G. Santos
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Paulina Ríos
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Enrique A. Castro
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Paola R. Campodónico
Scopus© Citations 21 1
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Psychiatric disorders secondary to nonconvulsive status epilepticus of frontal origin. Two clinical case reports
(2012)
ADA VICTORIA CHICHARRO CIUFFARDI
Scopus© Citations 4 3
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Imitation of Novel Intransitive Body Actions in a Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas): A “Do as Other Does” Study
(2023)
ZAMORANO ABRAMSON, JOSÉ FRANCISCO
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María Victoria Hernández-Lloreda
Cetaceans are well known for their unique behavioral habits, such as calls and tactics. The possibility that these are acquired through social learning continues to be explored. This study investigates the ability of a young beluga whale to imitate novel behaviors. Using a do-as-other-does paradigm, the subject observed the performance of a conspecific demonstrator involving familiar and novel behaviors. The subject: (1) learned a specific ‘copy’ command; (2) copied 100% of the demonstrator’s familiar behaviors and accurately reproduced two out of three novel actions; (3) achieved full matches on the first trial for a subset of familiar behaviors; and (4) demonstrated proficiency in coping with each familiar behavior as well as the two novel behaviors. This study provides the first experimental evidence of a beluga whale’s ability to imitate novel intransitive (non-object-oriented) body movements on command. These results contribute to our understanding of the remarkable ability of cetaceans, including dolphins, orcas, and now beluga whales, to engage in multimodal imitation involving sounds and movements. This ability, rarely documented in non-human animals, has significant implications for the development of survival strategies, such as the acquisition of knowledge about natal philopatry, migration routes, and traditional feeding areas, among these marine mammals.
22
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Amelioration of morphine withdrawal syndrome by systemic and intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived secretome in preclinical models of morphine dependence
(2023)
Mauricio Quezada
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Carolina Ponce
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Pablo Berríos‐Cárcamo
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Daniela Santapau
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Javiera Gallardo
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Morphine is an opiate commonly used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, prolonged administration can lead to physical dependence and strong withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of morphine use. These symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, increased heart rate, and muscle cramps, which strongly promote morphine use relapse. The morphine‐induced increases in neuroinflammation, brain oxidative stress, and alteration of glutamate levels in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens have been associated with morphine dependence and a higher severity of withdrawal symptoms. Due to its rich content in potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant factors, secretome derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is proposed as a preclinical therapeutic tool for the treatment of this complex neurological condition associated with neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Two animal models of morphine dependence were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hMSC‐derived secretome in reducing morphine withdrawal signs. In the first model, rats were implanted subcutaneously with mini‐pumps which released morphine at a concentration of 10 mg/kg/day for seven days. Three days after pump implantation, animals were treated with a simultaneous intravenous and intranasal administration of hMSC‐derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were precipitated on day seven by i.p. naloxone administration. In this model, brain alterations associated with withdrawal were also analyzed before withdrawal precipitation. In the second animal model, rats voluntarily consuming morphine for three weeks were intravenously and intranasally treated with hMSC‐derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were induced by morphine deprivation.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>In both animal models secretome administration induced a significant reduction of withdrawal signs, as shown by a reduction in a combined withdrawal score. Secretome administration also promoted a reduction in morphine‐induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, while no changes were observed in extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Data presented from two animal models of morphine dependence suggest that administration of secretome derived from hMSCs reduces the development of opioid withdrawal signs, which correlates with a reduction in neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens.</jats:p></jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 4 1
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Impact of acute psychosocial stress on attentional control in humans. A study of evoked potentials and pupillary response
(2023)
F. Rojas-Thomas
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C. Artigas
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G. Wainstein
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Juan-Pablo Morales
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M. Arriagada
Scopus© Citations 9 1
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No association between genetic variants in MAOA, OXTR, and AVPR1a and cooperative strategies
(2020)
María I. Rivera-Hechem
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RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS
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GUZMÁN PRICE, RICARDO
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Tadeo Ramírez-Parada
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BENAVIDES GONZALEZ, FELIPE ORLANDO
<jats:p>The effort to understand the genetic basis of human sociality has been encouraged by the diversity and heritability of social traits like cooperation. This task has remained elusive largely because most studies of sociality and genetics use sample sizes that are often unable to detect the small effects that single genes may have on complex social behaviors. The lack of robust findings could also be a consequence of a poor characterization of social phenotypes. Here, we explore the latter possibility by testing whether refining measures of cooperative phenotypes can increase the replication of previously reported associations between genetic variants and cooperation in small samples. Unlike most previous studies of sociality and genetics, we characterize cooperative phenotypes based on strategies rather than actions. Measuring strategies help differentiate between similar actions with different underlaying social motivations while controlling for expectations and learning. In an admixed Latino sample (n = 188), we tested whether cooperative strategies were associated with three genetic variants thought to influence sociality in humans—<jats:italic>MAOA</jats:italic>-uVNTR, <jats:italic>OXTR</jats:italic> rs53576, and <jats:italic>AVPR1</jats:italic> RS3. We found no association between cooperative strategies and any of the candidate genetic variants. Since we were unable to replicate previous observations our results suggest that refining measurements of cooperative phenotypes as strategies is not enough to overcome the inherent statistical power problem of candidate gene studies.</jats:p>
9Scopus© Citations 2
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Lateral Prefrontal Theta Oscillations Reflect Proactive Cognitive Control Impairment in Males With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(2020)
Francisco Zamorano
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Leonie Kausel
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ALBORNOZ, CARLOS
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Claudio Lavin
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FIGUEROA VARGAS, ALEJANDRA MABEL
Scopus© Citations 11 2

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