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    Item type:Publication,
    A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-12-18)
    Cristóbal Vacarezza
    ;
    Julieta Araneda
    ;
    Pamela Gonzalez
    ;
    Oscar Arteaga
    ;
    Katherine Marcelain
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Introduction</jats:title> <jats:p>Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title> <jats:p>Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology. Assess the funding and distribution of cancer investigation. Present actions for the development of oncology research, innovation and patient care.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Triangulating objective system metrics of economic, epidemiological, private and public sector resources together with policy analysis, we assessed cancer burden, infrastructure, and investigation. We analyzed governmental and private-sector cancer databases, complemented by interviews with cancer stakeholders.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Governmental policy and patient advocacy have led to the recognition of cancer burden, a cancer law, and a national cancer plan. Cancer has become the leading cause of death in Chile (59,876 cases and 31,440 cancer deaths in 2022), yet only 0.36% gross domestic product (GDP) is directed to research and development. Inequalities in treatment regimens persist. Prevention policy has lowered tobacco consumption, sugar intake via soft drinks and offered a high coverage of HPV vaccines. A high-quality cancer research community is expanding, and internationally sponsored clinical oncology trials are increasing.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The cancer law has facilitated advancement in policy. Prevention policies have impacted tobacco and sugar intake, while gender equality and care inequality have entered the public forum. Cancer research is stagnated by the lack of investment. Implementation of a cancer registry and biobanking, reinforcement of prevention strategies, development of human resources, promotion of clinical trial infrastructure and investment in new technologies must be placed as a priority to permit advancements in innovation and equitable cancer care.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      8
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    Item type:Publication,
    Early Mobilization Dose Reporting in Randomized Clinical Trials With Patients Who Were Mechanically Ventilated: A Scoping Review
    (2024)
    Felipe González-Seguel
    ;
    Renato Letelier-Bernal
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective</jats:title> <jats:p>The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the mobilization dose reporting in the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>In this scoping review, RCTs published from inception to December 2022 were searched in relevant electronic databases. Trials that involved adults receiving mechanical ventilation (&amp;gt;48 hours) and any early mobilization modality were analyzed. Two independent authors screened, selected, and extracted data. The mobilization doses of the intervention groups (IGs) and the comparator groups (CGs) were assessed as the proportion of reported items/total applicable from the main items of the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Twenty-three RCTs comprising 2707 patients (1358 from IG and 1349 from CG) were included, involving studies on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (n = 7), progressive mobility (n = 6), leg cycling (n = 3), tilt table (n = 1), and multicomponent (n = 6) mobilization. The pooled reporting of CERT items was 68% (86% for IG and 50% for CG). The most reported CERT items were type of exercise (100%) and weekly frequency (100%) for IG, whereas the least reported were intensity (4%) and individualization (22%) for CG. Regardless of the group, individualization, progression, and intensity of mobilization were the least reported items. Eight IGs (35%) reported all CERT items, whereas no CGs reported all of them.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Deficits in mobilization dose reporting of intensive care unit RCTs were identified, especially for exercise intensity in adults receiving mechanical ventilation. One-third of IG reported all exercise dosing items, whereas no CG reported all of them. Future studies should investigate the details of optimal dosage reporting, particularly for CG.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Impact</jats:title> <jats:p>The lack of dose reporting may partially explain the inconsistency in the meta-analysis results of early mobilization trials, thus limiting the interpretation for clinical practice in the intensive care unit.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      19Scopus© Citations 10
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    Dementia in Latin America: Paving the way toward a regional action plan
    (2020)
    Mario Alfredo Parra
    ;
    Sandra Baez
    ;
    Lucas Sedeño
    ;
    Cecilia Gonzalez Campo
    ;
    Hernando Santamaría‐García
      2Scopus© Citations 115
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    Item type:Publication,
    Textual inference for eligibility criteria resolution in clinical trials
    (2015)
    Chaitanya Shivade
    ;
    Courtney Hebert
    ;
    Marcelo Lopetegui
    ;
    Marie-Catherine de Marneffe
    ;
    Eric Fosler-Lussier
      8Scopus© Citations 31
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    Item type:Publication,
      15Scopus© Citations 7