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    Early high-sensitivity troponin elevation and short-term mortality in sepsis: a systematic review with meta-analysis
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-14)
    Abraham I. J. Gajardo
    ;
    Santiago Ferrière-Steinert
    ;
    Joaquín Valenzuela Jiménez
    ;
    Sebastián Heskia Araya
    ;
    Thomas Kouyoumdjian Carvajal
    Abstract Background Serum cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation is a well-established phenomenon in sepsis. However, the clinical signifcance of this phenomenon with high-sensitivity (hs) assays and the current sepsis defnition needs to be settled. Research Question What is the association between early serum cTn levels measured by hs-assays and the risk of short-term mortality in septic patients? Study Design and Methods We conducted a systematic review using a comprehensive PubMed, Scopus, and Embase search. Studies were eligible if they reported association data on early hs-cTn and mortality in an adult sample with sepsis that met the Sepsis-3 defnition. For the synthesis of the efect of hs-cTn on mortality, we applied random efect models on the pooled unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR and aOR, respectively) of elevated vs. normal hs-cTn serum values, and on the crude standardized mean diference (SMD) of hs-cTn between survivors and non-survivors. Results In total, 6242 patients from 17 studies were included, with short-term mortality rates ranging from 16.9% to 53.8%. Using a crude analysis, non-survivor patients showed higher hs-cTn than survivors (SMD of 0.87, 95%CI: 0.41–1.33). Elevated hs-cTn was associated with increased mortality (OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.41–2.25). However, this prognostic efect was absent in studies that adjusted for diferent confounders (aOR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.99–1.14). Discussion and Conclusions Non-survivors of sepsis exhibited signifcantly elevated hs-cTn levels. While elevated hs-cTn levels are associated with an increased risk of mortality, they are not independently associated with this outcome in sepsis
      1Scopus© Citations 19
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    Machine learning-based identification of efficient and restrictive physiological subphenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-01)
    Gabriela Meza-Fuentes
    ;
    DELGADO BECERRA, OROZIMBA IRIS  
    ;
    Mario Barbé
    ;
    Ignacio Sánchez
    ;
    RETAMAL LUCERO, MAURICIO ANTONIO  
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by significant clinical heterogeneity. This heterogeneity complicates treatment selection and patient inclusion in clinical trials. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify physiological subphenotypes of ARDS using machine learning, and to determine ventilatory variables that can effectively discriminate between these subphenotypes in a bedside setting with high performance, highlighting potential utility for future clinical stratification approaches.</jats:p> Methodology A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from our ICU, covering admissions from 2017 to 2021. The study included 224 patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with ARDS according to the Berlin criteria and undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Data on physiological and ventilatory variables were collected during the first 24 h IMV. We applied machine learning techniques to categorize subphenotypes in ARDS patients. Initially, we employed the unsupervised Gaussian Mixture Classification Model approach to group patients into subphenotypes. Subsequently, we applied supervised models such as XGBoost to perform root cause analysis, evaluate the classification of patients into these subgroups, and measure their performance.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Our models identified two ARDS subphenotypes with significant clinical differences and significant outcomes. Subphenotype Efficient (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 172) was characterized by lower mortality, lower clinical severity and presented a less restrictive pattern with better gas exchange compared to Subphenotype Restrictive (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 52), which showed the opposite. The models demonstrated high performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.94, sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 87.5%, in addition to an F1 score of 0.85. The most influential variables in the discrimination of subphenotypes were distension pressure, respiratory frequency and exhaled carbon dioxide volume.Conclusion This study presents an approach to improve subphenotype categorization in ARDS. The generation of clustering and prediction models by machine learning involving clinical, ventilatory mechanics, and gas exchange variables allowed for more accurate stratification of patients. These findings have the potential to optimize individualized treatment selection and improve clinical outcomes in patients with ARDS.</jats:p> Graphical Abstract
    Scopus© Citations 2  5
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    Outcomes of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Cancer Patients: Focus on Lactate
    (2021)
    LOPEZ HERNANDEZ, RENE RAMON  
    ;
    Rodrigo Pérez-Araos
    ;
    Fernanda Baus
    ;
    Camila Moscoso
    ;
    Álvaro Salazar
    <jats:p>The number of oncological patients (OP) admitted to intensive care units (ICU) for sepsis/septic shock has dramatically increased in recent years. The definition of septic shock has been modified, adding hyperlactatemia as a severity biomarker for mortality. However, it remains poorly reported in septic OP. We performed a retrospective analysis from a prospective database of sepsis/septic shock patients admitted to our ICU between September 2017 and September 2019 and followed until day 90. We identified 251 patients and 31.9% had active oncological comorbidity, mainly solid tumor (81.3%). Septic shock criteria were met for 112 (44.6%). Hyperlactatemia was observed in 136 (54.2%) patients and this was associated with a lower survival rate. Overall 90-day mortality was 15.1%. In OP vs. non-OP, hyperlactatemia was more frequent (65% vs. 49.1%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.013) and associated with lower survival (65.4% vs. 85.7%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.046). In OP, poor performance status was also associated with lower survival (HR 7.029 [1.998–24.731], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002) In an adjusted analysis, cancer was associated with lower 90-day survival (HR 2.690 [1.402–5.160], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003). In conclusion, septic OP remains a high mortality risk group in whom lactate levels and performance status could help with better risk stratification.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 18  1
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    Clinical characteristics, microbiology and outcomes of a cohort of patients treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam in acute care inpatient facilities, Houston, Texas, USA
    (2022)
    Truc T Tran
    ;
    Nicolo L Cabrera
    ;
    Anne J Gonzales-Luna
    ;
    Travis J Carlson
    ;
    Faris Alnezary
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination with activity against a variety of Gram-negative bacteria, including MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This agent is approved for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. However, most real-world outcome data come from small observational cohorts. Thus, we sought to evaluate the utilization of ceftolozane/tazobactam at multiple tertiary hospitals in Houston, TX, USA.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre retrospective study of patients receiving at least 48 h of ceftolozane/tazobactam therapy from January 2016 through to September 2019 at two hospital systems in Houston. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data were collected, including the infecting bacterial isolate, when available. The primary outcome was composite clinical success at hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and clinical disposition at 14 and 30 days post ceftolozane/tazobactam initiation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of the primary outcome and mortality. Recovered isolates were tested for susceptibility to ceftolozane/tazobactam and underwent WGS.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>A total of 263 patients were enrolled, and composite clinical success was achieved in 185 patients (70.3%). Severity of illness was the most consistent predictor of clinical success. Combination therapy with ceftolozane/tazobactam and another Gram-negative-active agent was associated with reduced odds of clinical success (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.63). Resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam was noted in 15.4% of isolates available for WGS; mutations in ampC and ftsI were common but did not cluster with a particular ST.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Clinical success rate among this patient cohort treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam was similar compared with previous experiences. Ceftolozane/tazobactam remains an alternative agent for treatment of susceptible isolates of P. aeruginosa.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 3  2
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    Continuous prolonged prone positioning in COVID-19-related ARDS: a multicenter cohort study from Chile
    (2022)
    Rodrigo A. Cornejo
    ;
    Jorge Montoya
    ;
    Abraham I. J. Gajardo
    ;
    GRAF SANTOS, JERÓNIMO  
    ;
    Leyla Alegría
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Prone positioning is currently applied in time-limited daily sessions up to 24 h which determines that most patients require several sessions. Although longer prone sessions have been reported, there is scarce evidence about the feasibility and safety of such approach. We analyzed feasibility and safety of a continuous prolonged prone positioning strategy implemented nationwide, in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients in Chile.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), conducted in 15 Intensive Care Units, which adhered to a national protocol of continuous prone sessions  ≥ 48 h and until PaO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>:FiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increased above 200 mm Hg. The number and extension of prone sessions were registered, along with relevant physiologic data and adverse events related to prone positioning. The cohort was stratified according to the first prone session duration: Group A, 2–3 days; Group B, 4–5 days; and Group C, &gt; 5 days. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess whether the duration of prone sessions could impact safety.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>We included 417 patients who required a first prone session of 4 (3–5) days, of whom 318 (76.3%) received only one session. During the first prone session the main adverse event was grade 1–2 pressure sores in 97 (23.9%) patients; severe adverse events were infrequent with 17 non-scheduled extubations (4.2%). 90-day mortality was 36.2%. Ninety-eight patients (24%) were classified as group C; they exhibited a more severe ARDS at baseline, as reflected by lower PaO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>:FiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ratio and higher ventilatory ratio, and had a higher rate of pressure sores (44%) and higher 90-day mortality (48%). However, after adjustment for severity and several relevant confounders, prone session duration was not associated with mortality or pressure sores.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Nationwide implementation of a continuous prolonged prone positioning strategy for COVID-19 ARDS patients was feasible. Minor pressure sores were frequent but within the ranges previously described, while severe adverse events were infrequent. The duration of prone session did not have an adverse effect on safety.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 17  1
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      1  5Scopus© Citations 9
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    Survival of Critically Ill Oncologic Patients Requiring Invasive Ventilatory Support: A Prospective Comparative Cohort Study With Nononcologic Patients
    (2019)
    Rene López  
    ;
    Suraj Rajesh Samtani
    ;
    Jose Miguel Montes
    ;
    PEREZ ARAOS, RODRIGO ALEJANDRO  
    ;
    Maria Jose Martin
    <jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE</jats:title><jats:p> Cancer is in the process of changing to become a chronic disease; therefore, an increasing number of oncologic patients (OPs) are being admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) for supportive care of disease or therapy-related complications. We compare the short- and long-term outcomes of critically ill mechanically ventilated OPs with those of their nononcologic counterparts. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</jats:title><jats:p> We performed a prospective study of patients admitted to our ICU between October 2017 and February 2019. Demographic, physiologic, laboratory, clinical, and treatment data were obtained. The primary outcome was survival at 28 days and at the end of the follow-up period. Secondary outcomes were survival according to acute severity scoring (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and Charlson comorbidity index. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p> A total of 1,490 patients were admitted during the study period; 358 patients (24%) were OPs, and 100 of these OPs were supported with mechanical ventilation. Seventy-three percent of OPs had an ECOG performances status of 0 or 1, and 90% had solid tumors. Reason for admission to the ICU was postoperative admission in 44 patients and neutropenic infection in 10 patients. The follow-up period was 148 days (range, 42 to 363 days). Survival at 28 days was similar between OPs and nononcologic patients and associated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. However, long-term survival was lower in OPs compared with nononcologic patients (52% v 76%, respectively; P &lt; .001) and associated with poor ECOG performance status. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION</jats:title><jats:p> Short-term survival of critically ill, mechanically ventilated OPs is similar to that of their nononcologic counterparts and is determined by the severity of the critical illness. </jats:p></jats:sec>
      2Scopus© Citations 2
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    Scopus© Citations 10  1
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    High Flow Nasal Cannula as Support in Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Study
    (2021)
    Claudia Giugliano-Jaramillo
    ;
    Josefina León
    ;
    Cristobal Enriquez
    ;
    Juan E. Keymer
    ;
    Rodrigo Pérez-Araos
    <jats:sec> <jats:title>Introduction:</jats:title> <jats:p>High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) is a novel technique for respiratory support that improves oxygenation. In some patients, it may reduce the work of breathing. In immunocompromised patients with Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF), Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) is the main support recommended strategy, since invasive mechanical ventilation could increase mortality rates. NIV used for more than 48 hours may be associated with increased in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay. Therefore HFNC seems like a respiratory support alternative.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>To describe clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients with ARF HFNC-supported.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>Retrospective study in patients admitted with ARF and HFNC-supported. 25 adult patients were included, 21 pharmacologically and 4 non- pharmacologically immunosuppressed. Median age of the patients was 64 [60-76] years, APACHE II 15 [11-19], and PaO2:FiO2 218 [165-248]. Demographic information, origin of immunosuppression, Respiratory Rate (RR), Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) and PaO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>:FiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ratio were extracted from clinical records of our HFNC local protocol. Data acquisition was performed before and after the first 24 hours of connection. In addition, the need for greater ventilatory support after HFNC, orotracheal intubation, in-hospital mortality and 90 days out-patients’ mortality was recorded.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>Mean RR before the connection was 25±22 breaths/min and 22±4 breaths/min after the first 24 hours of HFNC use (95% CI; p=0.02). HR mean before connection to HFNC was 96±22 beats/min, and after, it was 86±15 beats/min (95%CI; p=0.008). Previous mean MAP was 86±15 mmHg, and after HFNC, it was 80±12 mmHg (95%CI; p=0.09); mean SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> after was 93±5% and before it was 95±4% (95% CI; p=0.13); and previous PaO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>:FiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> mean was 219±66, and after it was 324±110 (95%CI; p=0.52). In-hospital mortality was 28% and 90 days out-patients’ mortality was 32%.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>HFNC in immunosuppressed ARF subjects significantly decreases HR and RR, being apparently an effective alternative to decrease work of breathing. In-hospital mortality in ARF immunosuppressed patients was high even though respiratory support was used. Better studies are needed to define the role of HFNC-support in ARF.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      11