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On new Milne-type inequalities and applications
(2023)
BOSCH PÉREZ, PAUL JESÚS
;
José M. Rodríguez
;
José M. Sigarreta
Inequalities play a major role in pure and applied mathematics. In particular, the inequality plays an important role in the study of Rosseland’s integral for the stellar absorption. In this paper we obtain new Milne-type inequalities, and we apply them to the generalized Riemann–Liouville-type integral operators, which include most of the known Riemann–Liouville integral operators.
18 1Scopus© Citations 23
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Seroprevalence of Natural and Acquired Immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in a Population Cohort from Two Chilean Cities, 2020–2022
(2023)
Loreto Núñez-Franz
;
Muriel Ramírez-Santana
;
RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA
;
Macarena Said
;
VIAL COX, MARIA CECILIA
<jats:p>Background: Chile has achieved the highest coverage for vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide. Objective: To assess the progression of immunity (natural and acquired by vaccine) in a cohort from two Chilean cities. Methods: Individuals (n = 386) who participated in three phases of population-based serial prevalence studies were included (2020–2021 and 2022). Presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was measured in serum. Data including time of vaccination and type of vaccine received were analysed with descriptive statistics. Results: Seroprevalence was 3.6% in the first round and increased to 96.9% in the second and 98.7% in the third. In the third round, 75% of individuals who had received the basal full scheme were seropositive at 180 days or more since their last dose; 98% of individuals who received one booster dose were seropositive at 180 days or more, and 100% participants who received two boosters were seropositive, regardless of time since their last dose. Participants receiving mRNA vaccines had higher seroprevalence rates over time. Conclusions: The high vaccination coverage in Chile enabled the population to maintain high levels of antibodies. Vaccination boosters are essential to maintain immunity over time, which also depends on the type of vaccine administered.</jats:p>
1Scopus© Citations 12
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Multisite Detection of Tn
<i>1549</i>
-Mediated
<i>vanB</i>
Vancomycin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST6 in Texas and Florida
(2023)
Shelby R. Simar
;
Truc T. Tran
;
Kirsten B. Rydell
;
Diana Panesso
;
German A. Contreras
<jats:p> In the United States, <jats:italic>vanB</jats:italic> -mediated resistance in enterococci is rare. We characterized three sequence type (ST) 6, vancomycin-resistant <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</jats:named-content> isolates causing bacteremia in unique patients in spatiotemporally distinct settings. </jats:p>
7 1Scopus© Citations 3
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Los inicios de la enseñanza de pediatría en Chile y la fundación de hospitales de niños
(2023)
Luisa Schonhaut Berman
;
Pablo Chavez Zuñiga
;
Nelson Vargas Catalán
<jats:p>El objetivo del presente manuscrito es revisar antecedentes históricos previos a la creación de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (SOCHIPE) en el año 1922, con el propósito de reflexionar sobre su impacto en la profesionalización de la pediatría nacional, especialmente en la salud y sobrevida de los niños. Se revisaron documentos de la Junta de Beneficencia, libros y estudios especializados de la época. Hasta principios del siglo XX, el país ostentaba una de las tasas de mortalidad infantil más elevadas del mundo, y contaba con precarias instalaciones para enfrentarlas. En aquellos años, el único establecimiento cerrado para la atención de infantes era la Casa de Huérfanos, que estaba al cuidado de religiosas con apoyo de médicos; es ahí donde se desarrollaron los primeros cursos teórico-prácticos de la especialidad. Presionados por la alta mortalidad infantil y las mortíferas epidemias, la Junta de Beneficencia vio la urgencia de mejorar las condiciones higiénicas y crear instalaciones para el cuidado de los niños. El manuscrito aborda el surgimiento de espacios encargados del resguardo de la salud de los menores de cinco años, desde la creación de la cátedra de pediatría y del primer hospital de niños, el Hospital Roberto del Río, lo que marcó el inicio de las políticas de salud pública infantiles.</jats:p>
4Scopus© Citations 3
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Safety, Perceptions of Good Treatment and Subjective Well-Being in 10- and 12-year-old Children in Three Countries
(2023)
Mònica González-Carrasco
;
Lívia Bedin
;
Ferran Casas
;
ALFARO INZUNZA, JAIME ANDRES
;
Jorge Castellá Sarriera
<jats:title> Abstract </jats:title><jats:p> Satisfaction with safety and satisfaction with how adults listen to children and how they take what they say into account are the most important satisfaction domains that contribute to children’s subjective well-being (SWB). However, there is still more to know about what contributes to both domains. Little is understood about their mediating effects on the safety perceptions of being cared for and supported in terms of children’s SWB. Age and country are also relevant variables in this equation that suffers from a lack of information. Therefore, this article attempts to shed light on these questions by using the third wave of the Children’s Worlds data set that covers Spain, Brazil, and Chile and focuses on the 10- and 12-year-old age group. Results show that perceived contexts (home, school, and neighborhood) in each country are very important for assessing satisfaction with personal safety, while having parents who listen and take children’s opinions into account is very important for SWB in all contexts. The importance of the effects of feeling safe on SWB increases from late childhood to early adolescence, with its indirect effects being much more important than direct effects. Most children do not perceive to be listened to by teachers or do not perceive that what they say is taken into account by their teachers, which does not turn out to be very relevant for SWB in any of the three countries. Despite existing relationships between all of the variables analyzed, there are differences depending on the country and age group, with a common relationship observed between some of them.</jats:p>
5
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The impacts of social determinants of health and cardiometabolic factors on cognitive and functional aging in Colombian underserved populations
(2023)
Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
;
Sebastian Moguilner
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Odir Antonio Rodriguez-Villagra
;
Felipe Botero-Rodriguez
;
Stefanie Danielle Pina-Escudero
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Global initiatives call for further understanding of the impact of inequity on aging across underserved populations. Previous research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) presents limitations in assessing combined sources of inequity and outcomes (i.e., cognition and functionality). In this study, we assessed how social determinants of health (SDH), cardiometabolic factors (CMFs), and other medical/social factors predict cognition and functionality in an aging Colombian population. We ran a cross-sectional study that combined theory- (structural equation models) and data-driven (machine learning) approaches in a population-based study (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 23,694;<jats:italic>M</jats:italic> = 69.8 years) to assess the best predictors of cognition and functionality. We found that a combination of SDH and CMF accurately predicted cognition and functionality, although SDH was the stronger predictor. Cognition was predicted with the highest accuracy by SDH, followed by demographics, CMF, and other factors. A combination of SDH, age, CMF, and additional physical/psychological factors were the best predictors of functional status. Results highlight the role of inequity in predicting brain health and advancing solutions to reduce the cognitive and functional decline in LMICs.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 10 1
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Moral Emotions and Their Brain Structural Correlates Across Neurodegenerative Disorders
(2023)
Sandra Baez
;
Catalina Trujillo-Llano
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Leonardo Cruz de Souza
;
Patricia Lillo
;
Gonzalo Forno
<jats:p>Background: Although social cognition is compromised in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), research on moral emotions and their neural correlates in these populations is scarce. No previous study has explored the utility of moral emotions, compared to and in combination with classical general cognitive state tools, to discriminate bvFTD from AD patients. Objective: To examine self-conscious (guilt and embarrassment) and other-oriented (pity and indignation) moral emotions, their subjective experience, and their structural brain underpinnings in bvFTD (n = 31) and AD (n = 30) patients, compared to healthy controls (n = 37). We also explored the potential utility of moral emotions measures to discriminate bvFTD from AD. Methods: We used a modified version of the Moral Sentiment Task measuring the participants’ accuracy scores and their emotional subjective experiences. Results: bvFTD patients exhibited greater impairments in self-conscious and other-oriented moral emotions as compared with AD patients and healthy controls. Moral emotions combined with general cognitive state tools emerged as useful measures to discriminate bvFTD from AD patients. In bvFTD patients, lower moral emotions scores were associated with lower gray matter volumes in caudate nucleus and inferior and middle temporal gyri. In AD, these scores were associated with lower gray matter volumes in superior and middle frontal gyri, middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule and supramarginal gyrus. Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of moral emotion deficits across neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the potential benefits of integrating this domain into the clinical assessment.</jats:p>
24Scopus© Citations 3
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Association between spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection and perivascular adipose tissue attenuation on computed tomography angiography
(2023)
Kevin Cheng
;
Andrew Lin
;
STECHER GUZMAN, XIMENA PATRICIA
;
Tomas Bernstein
;
Paulo Zuñiga
<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:</jats:title><jats:p> Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is a leading cause of ischemic stroke in young patients. Studies using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography have suggested vessel wall inflammation to be a pathogenic factor in sCAD. Computed tomography (CT) attenuation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an established non-invasive imaging biomarker of inflammation in coronary arteries, with higher attenuation values reflecting a greater degree of vascular inflammation. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:</jats:title><jats:p> We evaluate the CT attenuation of PVAT surrounding the internal carotid artery (PVAT<jats:sub>carotid</jats:sub>) with and without spontaneous dissection. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> Single-center prospective observational study of 56 consecutive patients with CT-verified spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Of these patients, six underwent follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA). Twenty-two patients who underwent CTA for acute neurological symptoms but did not have dissection formed the control group. Using semi-automated research software, PVAT<jats:sub>carotid</jats:sub> was measured as the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) attenuation of adipose tissue within a defined volume of interest surrounding the ICA. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> PVAT<jats:sub>carotid</jats:sub> was significantly higher around dissected ICA compared with non-dissected contralateral ICA in the same patients (−58.7 ± 10.2 vs −68.9 ± 8.1 HU, p < 0.0001) and ICA of patients without dissection (−58.7 ± 10.2 vs −69.3 ± 9.3 HU, p < 0.0001). After a median follow-up of 89 days, there was a significant reduction in PVAT<jats:sub>carotid</jats:sub> around dissected ICA (−57.5 ± 13.4 to −74.3 ± 10.5 HU, p < 0.05), while no change was observed around non-dissected contralateral ICA (−71.0 ± 4.4 to −74.1 ± 4.1 HU, p = 0.19). ICA dissection was an independent predictor of PVAT<jats:sub>carotid</jats:sub> following multivariable adjustment for age and the presence of ICA occlusion. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title><jats:p> PVAT<jats:sub>carotid</jats:sub> is elevated in the presence of sCAD and may decrease following the acute event. </jats:p></jats:sec>
3 1Scopus© Citations 5
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On the variable inverse sum deg index
(2023)
Edil D. Molina
;
BOSCH PÉREZ, PAUL JESÚS
;
José M. Sigarreta
;
Eva Tourís
Several important topological indices studied in mathematical chemistry are expressed in the following way Puv∈E(G) F(du, dv), where F is a two variable function that satisfies the condition F(x, y) = F(y, x), uv denotes an edge of the graph G and du is the degree of the vertex u. Among them, the variable inverse sum deg index ISDa, with F(du, dv) = 1/(dua + dva), was found to have several applications. In this paper, we solve some problems posed by Vukičević [1], and we characterize graphs with maximum and minimum values of the ISDa index, for a < 0, in the following sets of graphs with n vertices: graphs with fixed minimum degree, connected graphs with fixed minimum degree, graphs with fixed maximum degree, and connected graphs with fixed maximum degree. Also, we performed a QSPR analysis to test the predictive power of this index for some physicochemical properties of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. © 2023 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.
8 1Scopus© Citations 2
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Greetings from Chile
(2023)
BRAVO COLOMER, PAULA URSULA
<jats:p>I met Liv Merete Nielsen at the DRS Limerick 2018 conference. I was studying Chilean teachers' use of design methods to solve pedagogical problems supported by a British Council fund. Peter Lloyd and Derek Jones brought the experience and vision of The Open University's Design Thinking course. They had Nigel Cross as an unavoidable theoretical reference. I also knew Maureen Carroll and Shelley Goldman's work at Stanford University to promote STEM disciplines in vulnerable schools in Palo Alto. Maureen and Shelley built on the IDEO-d.School universe and had Tim Brown and David Kelly as key references.</jats:p>
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