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Author: search.filters.author.Xaviera MolinaStart date: 2020

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    Post-COVID-19 symptoms in a community sample: Exploratory study in two Chilean cities, 2023–2024
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-11)
    Xaviera Molina
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    Camila Awad
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    Muriel Ramírez-Santana
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    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
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    Loreto Nunez-Franz
      1
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    Perceptions of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Health of Mapuche Young Adults in Chile
    (University of Western Ontario, Western Libraries, 2025-06-30)
    Marc Olivella-Cirici
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    Xaviera Molina
    ;
    Maria Jesús Maass Olea
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    Jairo Vanegas López
    ;
    Eliana Correa Matus
    We aimed to investigate the perceptions of Mapuche young adults in Araucanía, Chile, regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their communities, adherence to restrictions, and coping responses. Eight Mapuche individuals were included in this qualitative study, segmented by gender. Interviews with a semi-structured script were carried out between February and May 2023. A thematic analysis of the discourse was used with subsequent triangulation and validation of the results. The people interviewed believed that, although the pandemic affected their communities, this challenge strengthened ties and contributed to the recovery of the ancestral worldview. There was a temporal dynamic in adherence to restrictions, with initial distrust but high compliance, including vaccination. There was complementarity between Western and traditional Mapuche medicine, which highlights the importance of intercultural health strategies. The pandemic had an impact on young Mapuche adults by altering community dynamics and cultural practices, with the potential to exacerbate inequalities in their communities. This study emphasizes the need to integrate the indigenous worldview in decisions about restrictions and advocates considering cultural diversity in future health crises.
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    Arsenic Exposure During Pregnancy and Childhood: Factors Explaining Changes over a Decade
    (MDPI AG, 2025-03-16)
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
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    HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD  
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    APABLAZA SALINAS, MAURICIO IVÁN  
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    Camila Awad
    ;
    Xaviera Molina
    Arsenic chronic exposure, particularly in its inorganic form, represents a significant public health concern. This study was conducted in Arica, the northernmost city in the country, whose inhabitants have been exposed to inorganic arsenic both naturally through drinking water and anthropogenically due to a toxic waste disposal site. We explored changes in inorganic arsenic levels in a cohort of pregnant women and their children over a decade, identifying exposure trends and their determinants. We used data on arsenic exposure through maternal urine samples during pregnancy, collected by the Health Authority between 2013 and 2016 (measurement 1), and followed up with assessments of their children in 2023 (measurement 2). Temporal changes in inorganic arsenic concentration were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and a mixed linear regression model was employed to determine which factors contributed to urinary inorganic arsenic levels. We did not observe significant differences in mean arsenic concentrations between the two-time points (p = 0.4026). The mixed linear regression model revealed that children consuming bottled water had 8.3% lower urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations than those drinking tap water (95% CI: −15.36 to −0.54%). Additionally, children from ethnic groups had 8.64% higher inorganic arsenic concentrations (95% CI: 0.49 to 17.5%), while those with caregivers with higher education showed a 13.67% reduction (95% CI: −25.06 to −0.56%). Despite mitigation efforts, these findings underscore the ongoing risk of inorganic arsenic exposure among vulnerable populations. They further emphasize the importance of addressing natural arsenic contamination in water and implementing targeted interventions to reduce disparities associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  6
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    Navigating Through Innovation in Elderly’s Health: A Scoping Review of Digital Health Interventions
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2024-12-19)
    HIRMAS ADAUY, MACARENA SOLEDAD  
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    CASTILLO LABORDE, CARLA CECILIA  
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    Fernando Soto
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    Camila Awad
    ;
    Anita Jasmen
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensively map and summarize digital health initiatives for the elderly and caregivers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Scoping review between April and May 2022 based on Joanna Briggs methodology. Databases used included PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science, along with grey literature and hand searches. Two reviewers independently conducted screening and eligibility phases, with a third resolving disagreements. Data were thematically analyzed.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The review included 421 documents. Most documents were published between 2013 and 2022, with a recent increase. Most studies, originating from high-income countries, focused on home applications and were mainly in the testing and validation stages. Telephones and computers were the predominant devices. Health objectives included monitoring, prevention, and treatment, with interventions utilizing directed communication and personal health monitoring for individuals, and telemedicine and decision support for healthcare providers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Increasing integration of technology in older adults’ lives, along with their increasing proficiency, is driving a significant rise in digital health interventions. Despite this growth, further research in middle- and low-income countries, for caregivers and evaluating effectiveness and feasibility of these technological interventions is needed.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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    SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study
    (JMIR Publications Inc., 2024-11-22)
    Pere Torán-Monserrat
    ;
    Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
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    Anna Costa-Garrido
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    Lucía A Carrasco-Ribelles
    ;
    Bibiana Quirant
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec sec-type="background"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>As the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 progresses, it becomes crucial to comprehend the lasting effects of vaccination on safeguarding against new infections or reinfections.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="objective"> <jats:title>Objective</jats:title> <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the risk of new SARS-CoV-2 infections based on the number of vaccine doses, prior infections, and other clinical characteristics.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="methods"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We defined a cohort of 800 health care workers in a 24-month study (March 2020 to December 2022) in northern Barcelona to determine new infections by SARS-CoV-2. We used extended Cox models, specifically Andersen-Gill (AG) and Prentice-Williams-Peterson, and we examined the risk of new infections. The AG model incorporated variables such as sex, age, job title, number of chronic conditions, vaccine doses, and prior infections. Additionally, 2 Prentice-Williams-Peterson models were adjusted, one for those individuals with no or 1 infection and another for those with 2 or 3 infections, both with the same covariates as the AG model.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="results"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The 800 participants (n=605, 75.6% women) received 1, 2, 3, and 4 doses of the vaccine. Compared to those who were unvaccinated, the number of vaccine doses significantly reduced (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001) the risk of infection by 66%, 81%, 89%, and 99%, respectively. Unit increase in the number of prior infections reduced the risk of infection by 75% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001). When separating individuals by number of previous infections, risk was significantly reduced for those with no or 1 infection by 61% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=.02), and by 88%, 93%, and 99% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001) with 1, 2, 3, or 4 doses, respectively. In contrast, for those with 2 or 3 previous infections, the reduction was only significant with the fourth dose, at 98% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001). The number of chronic diseases only increased the risk by 28%‐31% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001) for individuals with 0‐1 previous infections.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="conclusions"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The study suggests that both prior infections and vaccination status significantly contribute to SARS-CoV-2 immunity, supporting vaccine effectiveness in reducing risk of reinfection for up to 24 months after follow-up from the onset of the pandemic. These insights contribute to our understanding of long-term immunity dynamics and inform strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 1  2
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    Preventive behaviors for COVID-19 in Chile: Lessons from a population follow-up for 2021 and 2022
    (2024)
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
    ;
    Loreto Núñez-Franz
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    APABLAZA SALINAS, MAURICIO IVÁN  
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    Muriel Ramírez-Santana
    ;
    Xaviera Molina
    <jats:p>Introduction The rapid emergence of COVID-19 urged policy responses worldwide, focusing on vaccination and mobility restrictions. Chile represents a unique scenario for analyzing personal preventive measures amid intensive communication and vaccination campaigns. This study aims to explore changes in population adherence to non-pharmacological preventive measures during the pandemic and the factors that explain this adherence each year. Methods 386 individuals who participated in two population-based studies (2021 and 2022) were considered. An interview was conducted to measure adherence to self-care practices, and case and contact tracing by the health authorities. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to measure change between 2021 and 2022, bivariate analysis, and a linear regression model for each year were performed. Results Mask-wearing in public places was the most commonly used measure (95.9% in 2021, 89.9% in 2022). Follow-up of cases and cases contacts by the health authority had high coverage in 2021 (94.3% and 83% respectively). A greater decrease was observed in contact tracing in 2022 totaling 33.3%. An increase in the score of adherence to preventive practices was observed in 2022 (p &lt; 0.00). The regression model showed in 2021 that women were more likely to adopt preventive behaviors (95% confidence interval: 0.27 to 1.13) and the overweight/obese had higher adherence compared to normal body mass index (95% confidence interval: 0.06 to 0.98). In 2022 being a young adult (30 to 49 years) predicted the adoption of behavioral precautions (95% confidence interval: 0.00 to 1.32). Conclusions Adherence to preventive measures increased even with high vaccination coverage, likely due to the epidemiological situation with the Omicron variant circulating in 2022.</jats:p>
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    Consumo de tabaco en pacientes hospitalizados en Clínica Alemana de Santiago de Chile
    (2023)
    Xaviera Molina
    ;
    Mauricio Fernández
    ;
    Óscar Urrejola
    ;
    Karen Czichke
    ;
    Marcela Gómez
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      5Scopus© Citations 2