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Effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes in children during the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 pandemic in Chile: A time‐matched analysis
(2024)
Mónica Suárez‐Reyes
;
Rodrigo Fernández‐Verdejo
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QUINTILIANO SCARPELLI DOURADO , DAIANA APARECIDA
;
Anna Cristina Pinheiro
;
Tito Pizarro
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>The COVID‐19 pandemic led to school closures, potentially impairing children's behaviours and health. We aimed to explore the effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours (dietary habits, physical activity) and health outcomes (adiposity, fitness, self‐esteem, self‐concept) in children.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We measured 247 children before school closure (October–November 2019) and after school reopening (October–November 2021) (COVID‐19 group). To distinguish the changes due to school closure from changes due to growth, we included 655 age‐matched children with cross‐sectional measurements in October–November 2019 (control group). The response of this group (i.e., differences between children with 2 years of difference) was considered the expected response to growth. Two‐way ANOVA was used to test age‐by‐group interactions, indicating an effect of school closure.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>In 7‐to‐9‐year‐old children, the COVID‐19 group had larger‐than‐expected decreases in physical activity (by 0.4 points), resulting in higher physical inactivity prevalence (by 19 percent points) at 9 years. This was accompanied by larger‐than‐expected increases in fat percentage (by 6.1 percent point). In 8‐to‐10‐year‐old children, the COVID‐19 group had higher physical inactivity prevalence at 10 years (by 20 percent points). This was accompanied by larger‐than‐expected increases in fat percentage (by 8.3 percent points), z‐score BMI (by 0.90 units), and waist circumference (by 6.1 cm). In 9‐to‐11‐year‐old children, the COVID‐19 group had larger‐than‐expected decreases in physical activity (by 0.3 points) and increases in self‐concept (by 0.2 points). The response in dietary habits, fitness, or self‐esteem was not different between groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Overall, school closure negatively impacted physical activity and adiposity, particularly in the youngest children.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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Lifestyle Habits and Health Indicators in Migrants and Native Schoolchildren in Chile
(2021)
Mónica Suárez-Reyes
;
Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli
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PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA
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Cristian Cofré-Bolados
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Tito Pizarro
<jats:p>In Chile, the migrant population has increased in the last years. Migrants adopt behaviors of this new culture, which can have an effect on their health. Contradictory results regarding differences between migrant and native children have been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between nationality with health indicator and lifestyle habits among schoolchildren in Chile. A cross-sectional and observational study with a non-probabilistic sample was conducted in 1033 children (86.4% Chilean and 13.6% migrant) from second to fourth grade of seven public schools from low-income municipalities from the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular folds), handgrip strength, and standing long jump measurements, physical activity, self-esteem and food guidelines accomplishments were determined. Migrant children presented lower body mass index (BMI), Z-BMI, body fat% and waist circumference values; and higher handgrip strength, standing long jump, and more satisfactory compliance with food guidelines than natives (p < 0.05). No significant difference for physical activity and self-esteem was observed. In the adjusted models, migrants presented lower odds for overweight/obesity, risk of abdominal obesity, low handgrip strength and unsatisfactory food guidelines accomplishment in all models (p < 0.05). The nutritional and muscular fitness of migrant children was better than that of the Chilean ones.</jats:p>
1Scopus© Citations 8 1
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Muscular Strength of Upper and Lower Limbs and Self-Esteem in Chilean SchoolChildren: Independent Associations with Body Composition Indicators
(2021)
Cristian Cofre Bolados
;
Gerson Ferrari
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Mónica Suárez-Reyes
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QUINTILIANO SCARPELLI DOURADO , DAIANA APARECIDA
;
Helen Diaz-Peña
<jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between muscular strength from upper and lower limbs with self-esteem among Chilean schoolchildren, drawing independent associations with body composition indicators. The sample consisted of 1078 schoolchildren. The muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs was evaluated using a digital dynamometer and long jump performance. The general strength index was calculated based on Z-score values. Rosenberg’s test was used to determine the level of self-esteem of participants. Body fat and body mass index were employed as body composition indicators. Boys had significantly more upper and lower strength, and a general strength index higher than girls (11.7 vs. 10.6; 109.7 vs. 97.4; 0.19 vs. −0.24, respectively). For boys and girls combined, there were no significant associations between all muscular strength variables and self-esteem. In boys, upper and lower limb strength was positively associated with self-esteem. In girls, no association between muscular strength and self-esteem was found. In both sexes, the general strength index was not associated with self-esteem. Strategies and programs that promote mental health and muscular strength among schoolchildren, specifically in boys, are needed.</jats:p>
5Scopus© Citations 7
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Inseguridad alimentaria y hábitos alimentarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en hogares chilenos
(2021)
Jacqueline Araneda
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PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA
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Tito Pizarro
Scopus© Citations 8 1
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Prácticas y preferencias alimentarias y de actividad física en niños y niñas: Una aproximación desde los Parlamentos Escolares en establecimientos educacionales
(2023)
Tito Pizarro
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Macarena Jara
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Daisy Margarit
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José Luis Palacios
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PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA
<jats:p>En Chile la malnutrición por exceso continúa en aumento, afectando especialmente a la población infantil. Solucionar esta problemática de salud pública requiere desarrollar estrategias de promoción y prevención que consideren las propuestas de las comunidades, especialmente la de los propios niños y niñas. Objetivo: Conocer las opiniones y sugerencias de niños y niñas de tercero y cuarto básico de escuelas de la zona sur de Santiago de Chile, respecto de sus prácticas alimentarias y de actividad física, en el marco del proyecto FONDEF IT 1810016. Sujetos y Método: Se desarrollaron siete parlamentos escolares en siete escuelas mediante una metodología cualitativa participativa, recogiendo las opiniones de 176 niños y niñas acerca de sus hábitos y preferencias tanto de alimentos como de actividad física. Resultados: Los alimentos más consumidos y preferidos son aquellos fáciles de preparar y de alta disponibilidad, como pan, tallarines y leche. Los alimentos que requieren preparación, como pescado, legumbres, frutas, verduras y preparaciones caseras, son menos consumidos y tienen menos preferencia. En las actividades físicas recreativas destacan los videojuegos y el fútbol. Los estudiantes proponen aumentar las horas de educación física, los recreos y mejorar la disponibilidad y acceso a alimentos saludables en los entornos escolares como estrategia de solución al problema de la malnutrición por exceso. Conclusiones: Los Parlamentos Escolares como estrategia participativa aportan en la generación conjunta de conocimiento. La necesidad de incluir a las comunidades como partes interesadas en las iniciativas de salud, reconoce a través de su participación, a los niños y las niñas como actores sujetos de derechos.</jats:p>
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Food insecurity and its determinants in a vulnerable area of Santiago, Chile
(2022)
ANNA CHRISTINA, PINHEIRO FERNANDES
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Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli
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Jacqueline Araneda-Flores
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Rogerio Antonio de Oliveira
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Tito Pizarro
<jats:p>This study aims to identify the determinants associated to food insecurity in a group of households composed of schoolchildren and their mothers/caregivers, who lived in a low-to-medium community development index area of the city of Santiago, Chile with a high presence of migrant population. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample was made up of 646 people, who answered a series of surveys with the aim of characterizing this group in sociodemographic terms (sex, age, number of inhabitants in the household, place of food purchase, conditional or non-conditional state transfer program beneficiary status, persons in charge of purchasing food for the household, mothers/caregivers education level and basic knowledge of food and nutrition). To assess moderate-to-severe food insecurity and severe food insecurity, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale-FIES was applied between September and October 2021. Logistic regression analysis were used to carry out multivariate analyses, with the use of stepwise back-and-forward strategies for the selected variables and defining <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05. These models were adjusted per number of inhabitants in the household. The results indicate that 25.4% of households presented moderate-to-severe food insecurity, and 6.4% severe food insecurity experience. The variables that presented significant odds of risk to food insecurity were being a migrant, low maternal education level, low performance on basic knowledge in nutrition and when the father was responsible for food purchases. Several public policies have been implemented in Chile during the most recent decades aimed at increasing access to healthier foods and the implementation of healthier food environments. Despite this, there are still social and economic health determinants that contribute to the risk of odds insecurity for the most vulnerable groups in the country, thus putting at risk the fulfillment of the human right to adequate food at risk.</jats:p>
1Scopus© Citations 4 4

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