Universidad del Desarrollo

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Dynamics of the MRSA Population in a Chilean Hospital: a Phylogenomic Analysis (2000–2016)
(2023)
José R. W. Martínez
;
Paul J. Planet
;
Maria Spencer-Sandino
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RIVAS JIMENEZ, LINA MARIA
;
Ahmed M. Moustafa
<jats:p> Methicillin-resistant <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</jats:named-content> (MRSA) is a major public health pathogen that disseminates through the emergence of successful dominant clones in specific geographic regions. Knowledge of the dissemination and molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Latin America is scarce and is largely based on small studies or more limited typing techniques that lack the resolution to represent an accurate description of the genomic landscape. </jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 6 4
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Chromosome-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli: Mutation Analysis in the Light of Genetic Background
(2023)
María Paz Riquelme
;
Jose Rodrigo W Martínez
;
Bárbara Brito
;
Patricia García
;
Paulette Legarraga
Scopus© Citations 4 2
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Antibiotic Consumption During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Emergence of Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Lineages Among Inpatients in a Chilean Hospital: A Time-Series Study and Phylogenomic Analysis
(2023)
Kasim Allel
;
Anne Peters
;
José Conejeros
;
José R W Martínez
;
Maria Spencer-Sandino
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on antimicrobial use (AU) and resistance has not been well evaluated in South America. These data are critical to inform national policies and clinical care.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>At a tertiary hospital in Santiago, Chile, between 2018 and 2022, subdivided into pre- (3/2018–2/2020) and post–COVID-19 onset (3/2020–2/2022), we evaluated intravenous AU and frequency of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). We grouped monthly AU (defined daily doses [DDD]/1000 patient-days) into broad-spectrum β-lactams, carbapenems, and colistin and used interrupted time-series analysis to compare AU during pre- and post-pandemic onset. We studied the frequency of carbapenemase-producing (CP) CRE and performed whole-genome sequencing analyses of all carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKpn) isolates collected during the study period.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Compared with pre-pandemic, AU (DDD/1000 patient-days) significantly increased after the pandemic onset, from 78.1 to 142.5 (P &lt; .001), 50.9 to 110.1 (P &lt; .001), and 4.1 to 13.3 (P &lt; .001) for broad-spectrum β-lactams, carbapenems, and colistin, respectively. The frequency of CP-CRE increased from 12.8% pre–COVID-19 to 51.9% after pandemic onset (P &lt; .001). The most frequent CRE species in both periods was CRKpn (79.5% and 76.5%, respectively). The expansion of CP-CRE harboring blaNDM was particularly noticeable, increasing from 40% (n = 4/10) before to 73.6% (n = 39/53) after pandemic onset (P &lt; .001). Our phylogenomic analyses revealed the emergence of two distinct genomic lineages of CP-CRKpn: ST45, harboring blaNDM, and ST1161, which carried blaKPC.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>AU and the frequency of CP-CRE increased after COVID-19 onset. The increase in CP-CRKpn was driven by the emergence of novel genomic lineages. Our observations highlight the need to strengthen infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship efforts.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
30Scopus© Citations 36
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Risk factors associated with faecal carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli among dogs in Southeast Brazil
(2021)
Marília Salgado-Caxito
;
Julio A. Benavides
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MUNITA SEPULVEDA, JOSE MANUEL
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RIVAS JIMENEZ, LINA MARIA
;
Patricia García
Scopus© Citations 21 2
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Creación del primer biorrepositorio nacional de bacterias multirresistentes disponible para el estudio de la resistencia bacteriana en Chile
(2022)
Patricia García
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RIVAS JIMENEZ, LINA MARIA
;
Anne Peters
;
Paola Henríquez
;
Loriana Castillo
3
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A Multicenter Study To Evaluate Ceftaroline Breakpoints: Performance in an Area with High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 5 Lineage
(2019)
Ayesha Khan
;
Lina M. Rivas
;
Maria Spencer
;
Rodrigo Martinez
;
Marusella Lam
<jats:p> Ceftaroline (CPT) is a broad-spectrum agent with potent activity against methicillin-resistant <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</jats:named-content> (MRSA). The sequence type 5 (ST5) Chilean-Cordobés clone, associated with CPT nonsusceptibility, is dominant in Chile, a region with high rates of MRSA infections. </jats:p>
1Scopus© Citations 7 1

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