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Author: search.filters.author.Andrés Opazo-Capurro

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    ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Carrying CTX-M Genes Circulating among Livestock, Dogs, and Wild Mammals in Small-Scale Farms of Central Chile
    (2021)
    Julio A. Benavides
    ;
    Marília Salgado-Caxito
    ;
    Andrés Opazo-Capurro
    ;
    Paulina González Muñoz
    ;
    Ana Piñeiro
    Antibiotic-resistant bacteria of critical importance for global health such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing (ESBL)-Escherichia coli have been detected in livestock, dogs, and wildlife worldwide. However, the dynamics of ESBL-E. coli between these animals remains poorly understood, particularly in small-scale farms of low and middle-income countries where contact between species can be frequent. We compared the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-E. coli among 332 livestock (207 cows, 15 pigs, 60 horses, 40 sheep, 6 goats, 4 chickens), 82 dogs, and wildlife including 131 European rabbits, 30 rodents, and 12 Andean foxes sharing territory in peri-urban localities of central Chile. The prevalence was lower in livestock (3.0%) and wildlife (0.5%) compared to dogs (24%). Among 47 ESBL-E. coli isolates recovered, CTX-M-group 1 was the main ESBL genotype identified, followed by CTX-M-groups 2, 9, 8, and 25. ERIC-PCR showed no cluster of E. coli clones by either host species nor locality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ESBL-E. coli among sheep, cattle, dogs, and rodents of Chile, confirming their fecal carriage among domestic and wild animals in small-scale farms. The high prevalence of ESBL-E. coli in dogs encourages further investigation on their role as potential reservoirs of this bacteria in agricultural settings.
    Scopus© Citations 54  3
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    Multiple clonal transmissions of clinically relevant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli among livestock, dogs, and wildlife in Chile
    (2023)
    Juliette Hayer
    ;
    Marília Salgado-Caxito
    ;
    Andrés Opazo-Capurro
    ;
    Paulina González Muñoz
    ;
    Javier Millán
    Scopus© Citations 16  1
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    Isolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Type
    (2021)
    Constanza Díaz-Gavidia
    ;
    Carla Barría
    ;
    RIVAS JIMENEZ, LINA MARIA  
    ;
    Patricia García
    ;
    Francisca P. Alvarez
    <jats:p>The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from water used for crop irrigation to vegetables is poorly studied. During a year, five farmer markets in a city in Central Chile were visited, and 478 vegetable samples (parsleys, corianders, celeries, lettuces, chards, and beets) were collected. Simultaneously, 32 water samples were collected from two rivers which are used to irrigate the vegetables produced in the area. Resistant Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. Colistin resistance gene <jats:italic>mcr-1</jats:italic> and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were molecularly detected. The association of environmental factors was evaluated, with the outcomes being the presence of Enterobacterales resistant to four antibiotic families and the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Parsley, coriander, and celery showed the highest prevalence of resistant Enterobacterales (41.9% for ciprofloxacin and 18.5% for ceftazidime). A total of 155 isolates were obtained, including <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=109), <jats:italic>Citrobacter</jats:italic> sp. (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=20), <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae</jats:italic> complex (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=8), <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=8), and <jats:italic>Klebsiella aerogenes</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=1). Resistance to ampicillin (63.2%) and ciprofloxacin (74.2%) was most frequently found; 34.5% of the isolates showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and the MDR phenotype represented 51.6% of the isolates. In two <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> isolates (1.29%), the gene <jats:italic>mcr-1</jats:italic> was found and ESBL genes were found in 23/62 isolates (37%), with <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M</jats:sub> being the most frequently found in 20 isolates (32%). Resistant Enterobacterales isolated during the rainy season were less likely to be MDR as compared to the dry season. Understanding environmental associations represent the first step toward an improved understanding of the public health impact of ARB in vegetables and water.</jats:p>
      1Scopus© Citations 28
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    Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Chile
    (2022)
    Mario Quezada-Aguiluz
    ;
    Alejandro Aguayo-Reyes
    ;
    Cinthia Carrasco
    ;
    Daniela Mejías
    ;
    Pamela Saavedra
    <jats:p>Macrolides, lincosamides, and type B streptogramins (MLSB) are important therapeutic options to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics has been emerging. In Chile, data on the MLSB resistance phenotypes are scarce in both community-(CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility to MLSB was determined for sixty-eight non-repetitive isolates of each HA-(32) and CA-MRSA (36). Detection of SCCmec elements, ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was performed by PCR. The predominant clones were SCCmec I-ST5 (HA-MRSA) and type IVc-ST8 (CA-MRSA). Most of the HA-MRSA isolates (97%) showed resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. Among CA-MRSA isolates, 28% were resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin, and 25% to clarithromycin. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and over 97% to rifampicin. The ermA gene was amplified in 88% of HA-MRSA and 17% of CA-MRSA isolates (p &lt; 0.001). The ermC gene was detected in 6% of HA-SARM and none of CA-SARM isolates, whereas the msrA gene was only amplified in 22% of CA-MRSA (p &lt; 0.005). Our results demonstrate the prevalence of the cMLSB resistance phenotype in all HA-MRSA isolates in Chile, with the ermA being the predominant gene identified among these isolates.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 7  3
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    Scopus© Citations 7  1
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    Scopus© Citations 20  1