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The Power of Food Advertisements: A Brief Mindfulness Instruction Does Not Prevent Psychophysiological Responses Triggered by Food Ads
(MDPI AG, 2025-02-25)
Constanza Baquedano
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David Martinez-Pernia
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Vicente Soto
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Álvaro Rivera-Rei
;
Antonia Zepeda
Exposure to visually appealing food items can enhance their subjective realism, leading to increased cravings, salivation, and automatic approach tendencies. Prior research suggests that brief mindfulness instructions promoting dereification—recognizing stimuli as transient mental events—can mitigate these automatic reactions. Objectives: This study assesses whether brief mindfulness instruction can mitigate automatic consumption tendencies induced by food advertisements, exploring the corresponding behavioral, physiological, and neurophysiological mechanisms. Methods: Sixty participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving brief mindfulness instruction and the other a non-dereifying control instruction while exposed to advertised foods. This was followed by an approach–avoidance task (AAT), during which behavioral data, salivary volume, event-related potentials (ERPs) from electroencephalogram recordings, and self-reports were collected. Results: The results showed no significant differences in approach behaviors between the groups. Hunger, food craving, and salivation levels increased uniformly in response to food cues for both groups. The N1, N2, P3, and late positive potential (LPP) ERPs remained unaltered by the instructions and consistent with the established AAT literature. Advertising heightened the appeal of neutral foods, as evidenced by increased N2, P3, and LPP responses. Conclusions: The brief mindfulness instruction failed to shield participants from the automatic responses elicited by food advertising, contrasting with the effects seen with non-advertised food.
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Impact of burnout on turnover, medical errors, medical leave and a cross-sectional study of contributing factors among Chilean physicians
(BMJ, 2025-05)
Francisco Villalón López
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Adrian P Mundt
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Alejandro Hirmas
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Rita M Rivera
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Rodrigo Guiloff
Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, many physicians experienced burnout, underscoring the need to identify factors associated with this condition to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Objective To examine the relationship between physician burnout and individual factors, medical errors, medical leave and the work environment. Design A cross-sectional online survey conducted from November 2020 to December 2020. Participants Physicians registered with the Medical College of Chile. Setting Registered physicians working in Chile across primary, secondary and tertiary levels of healthcare. Primary outcomes Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services. Secondary outcomes Self-reported medical errors, medical leave and turnover. Independent variables Sociodemographic characteristics, personality factors, psychological well-being, mindfulness factors, self-compassion and work environment factors. Descriptive statistics, linear and logistic regressions and regression analyses with cross-validation using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) tests were applied. Results Of the 23 481 registered physicians, 795 (3.4%) completed the survey. The sample included 64.1% women, with a mean age of 37.7 years (SD=11.3). The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 20.4% based on strict criteria and 68.9% based on lax criteria. Burnout scores predicted days of medical leave (ß=0.086, p<0.01), turnover (ß=0.012, p<0.05) and perceived medical errors (ß=0.009, p<0.001). In contrast, burnout was inversely correlated with age (ß=−0.125, p<0.001), agreeableness as a personality trait (ß=−0.107, p<0.001), psychological well-being (ß=−0.248, p<0.001) and the mindfulness factor awareness (ß=−0.145, p<0.001). In the work environment, time pressure (ß=0.167, p<0.001) was positively associated with burnout among others. Conclusion Younger physicians may be prioritised for individual-level interventions, while addressing time pressure at the organisational level could help prevent burnout. However, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the directionality of relationships with psychological factors.
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Validación del instrumento Self-Compassion Scale para valoración de la autocompasión en estudiantes y médicos en Chile
(2023)
Francisco J. Villalón López
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Maximiliano Escaffi-Schwarz
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M. Eliana Correa Matus
Scopus© Citations 1 10
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Assessing Subjective Processes and Vulnerability in Mindfulness-based Interventions: A Mixed methods Exploratory Study
(2021)
Medeiros, Sebastian
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Carla Crempien
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Vasquez-Rosati, Alejandra
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Duarte, Javiera
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Catherine Andreu
1
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Mindfulness-based interventions in secondary education: a qualitative systematic review / Intervenciones basadas en mindfulness en educación secundaria: una revisión sistemática cualitativa
(2015)
Álvaro I. Langer
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Ulloa, Valentina Gabriela
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Adolfo J. Cangas
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Graciela Rojas
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Mariane Krause
3Scopus© Citations 31
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Default Mode Network, Meditation, and Age-Associated Brain Changes: What Can We Learn from the Impact of Mental Training on Well-Being as a Psychotherapeutic Approach?
(2019)
Ricardo Ramírez-Barrantes
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Marcelo Arancibia
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Jana Stojanova
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ASPÉ SÁNCHEZ, MAURICIO ALEJANDRO
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Claudio Córdova
Aging is a physiological process accompanied by cognitive decline, principally in memory and executive functions. Alterations in the connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) have been found to participate in cognitive decline, as well as in several neurocognitive disorders. The DMN has antisynchronic activity with attentional networks (task-positive networks (TPN)), which are critical to executive function and memory. Findings pointing to the regulation of the DMN via activation of TPN suggest that it can be used as a strategy for neuroprotection. Meditation is a noninvasive and nonpharmacological technique proven to increase meta-awareness, a cognitive ability which involves the control of both networks. In this review, we discuss the possibility of facilitating healthy aging through the regulation of networks through meditation. We propose that by practicing specific types of meditation, cognitive decline could be slowed, promoting a healthy lifestyle, which may enhance the quality of life for the elderly.
Scopus© Citations 38 1
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The Impact of a Yoga-Based Mindfulness Intervention versus Psycho-Educational Session for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
(2022)
Maryam Farhang
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Graciela Rojas
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Pablo Martínez
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BEHRENS PELLEGRINO, MARIA ISABEL
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Álvaro I. Langer
<jats:p>Background: There is a global agreement in the medical community that a significant proportion of dementia cases could be prevented or postponed. One of the factors behind this agreement comes from scientific evidence showing that mind-body interventions such as mindfulness and yoga for the elderly have been related to a range of positive outcomes, including improved cognition performance in seniors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention (YBM) versus psychoeducational sessions for older adults with MCI attending Hospital Clinic Universidad de Chile in Santiago. Method: Two-arm, individually randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out at Clinical Hospital Universidad de Chile in Santiago. Older people over 60 years with any type of MCI using a score < 21 in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and a score of 0.05 in the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale; and with preserved activities of daily living will be randomly assigned with an allocation ratio of 1:1 in either the yoga-based mindfulness intervention or the active control group based on the psycho-educational program. People who have performed yoga and/or mindfulness in the last 6 months or/and people with a psychiatric clinical diagnosis will be excluded from the study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), the Barthel Index (BI), the Pemberton happiness index, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) as well as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) will be administered by blinded outcomes assessors before random assignment (Pre-test), the week following the last session of the intervention (post-test), and then after 3- and 6-months follow-up. Results: The YBM intervention protocol based on a video recording has been adapted and designed. This is the first RCT to examine the effects of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention in improving cognitive and physical functions and mental health outcomes for Chilean elderly diagnosed with MCI. It is expected to be implemented as an acceptable and effective non-pharmacological option for older people with MCI. Conclusion: Providing evidence-based programs such as preventive therapy for Alzheimer’s disease has relevant implications for public mental health services in Chile.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 7 1
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Lyme borreliosis presenting as severe back pain after Shinrin-Yoku (forest bathing) in southern Germany
(2021)
WEITZEL, THOMAS
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Inia Perez
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PORTE TORRE, LORENA ISABEL
<jats:p>Since Lyme borreliosis is endemic in the Northern Hemisphere, it is usually not in the spotlight of travel medicine. However, borreliosis is a relevant problem and diagnostic challenge in travelers from the Southern Hemisphere returning from trips to Europe and North America.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 2 18
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Dispositional Mindfulness Reduces Burnout and Promotes Flourishing in Medical Students: a Two-Wave Latent Change Score Model
(2021)
Denisse Zúñiga
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Manuel Torres-Sahli
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Attilio Rigotti
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Nuria Pedrals
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Guadalupe Echeverría
Scopus© Citations 6 3
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Effects of Occupational Therapy Program Based on Active Meditation on Hair Cortisol Levels in Undergraduate Healthcare Students
(2022)
Alejandra Espinosa
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Rodolfo Morrison
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Diego Gonzalez
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Juan Jamardo
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Federico Fortuna
<jats:p>Context. Meditation incorporation helps to fight against disorders such as depression, stress, and anxiety. Specifically, few studies have studied Osho’s Active Meditation on young people, but observed evidence using passive meditation shows that it could improve stress well-management, emotional control, and other mental unhealthy conditions. Goal. The present study pointed to evaluate the results of an occupational therapy program centered on active meditation on hair cortisol concentration in a sample of undergraduate healthcare students. Methods. Undergraduate students from the University of Chile’s health careers were divided at random into control (<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>) and treated groups (<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>15</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>). The treated group participated in an active meditation program once a week for three months. This treatment included different techniques such as Chakra Sounds, Nataraj, Mandala, Kundalini, Devavani, Gourishankar, and Nadabrahma. Hair samples were taken before and after the treatment period to measure cortisol. Results. The control group increased cortisol level <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <mn>168.9</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>76.8</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> pg/mg compared with initial levels. The treated group shows a decrease of initial cortisol values in <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <mn>28.5</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>12.8</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> pg/mg after meditation protocol application. Conclusions. Blending active meditation in students’ daily routine through occupational therapy intervention might prevent undergraduate students’ stress in healthcare careers.</jats:p>
8Scopus© Citations 3

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