Universidad del Desarrollo

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Degeneracy in the neurological model of auditory speech repetition
(2023)
Noor Sajid
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
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Justyna O. Ekert
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Diego L. Lorca-Puls
;
Thomas M. H. Hope
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Both classic and contemporary models of auditory word repetition involve at least four left hemisphere regions: primary auditory cortex for processing sounds; pSTS (within Wernicke’s area) for processing auditory images of speech; pOp (within Broca’s area) for processing motor images of speech; and primary motor cortex for overt speech articulation. Previous functional-MRI (fMRI) studies confirm that auditory repetition activates these regions, in addition to many others. Crucially, however, contemporary models do not specify how regions interact and drive each other during auditory repetition. Here, we used dynamic causal modelling, to test the functional interplay among the four core brain regions during single auditory word and pseudoword repetition. Our analysis is grounded in the principle of degeneracy—i.e., many-to-one structure-function relationships—where multiple neural pathways can execute the same function. Contrary to expectation, we found that, for both word and pseudoword repetition, (i) the effective connectivity between pSTS and pOp was predominantly bidirectional and inhibitory; (ii) activity in the motor cortex could be driven by either pSTS or pOp; and (iii) the latter varied both within and between individuals. These results suggest that different neural pathways can support auditory speech repetition. This degeneracy may explain resilience to functional loss after brain damage.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 3 2
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Generalizing post-stroke prognoses from research data to clinical data
(2019)
Robert Loughnan
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Diego L. Lorca-Puls
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
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Valeria Espejo-Videla
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Céline R. Gillebert
Scopus© Citations 10 17 1
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Transmission dynamics and control of COVID-19 in Chile, March-October, 2020
(2021)
Amna Tariq
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Eduardo A. Undurraga
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CASTILLO LABORDE, CARLA CECILIA
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Katia Vogt-Geisse
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Ruiyan Luo
<jats:p>Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in Chile on March 3<jats:sup>rd</jats:sup>, 2020, a total of 513,188 cases, including ~14,302 deaths have been reported in Chile as of November 2<jats:sup>nd</jats:sup>, 2020. Here, we estimate the reproduction number throughout the epidemic in Chile and study the effectiveness of control interventions especially the effectiveness of lockdowns by conducting short-term forecasts based on the early transmission dynamics of COVID-19. Chile’s incidence curve displays early sub-exponential growth dynamics with the deceleration of growth parameter,<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>, estimated at 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 0.8) and the reproduction number,<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>, estimated at 1.8 (95% CI: 1.6, 1.9). Our findings indicate that the control measures at the start of the epidemic significantly slowed down the spread of the virus. However, the relaxation of restrictions and spread of the virus in low-income neighborhoods in May led to a new surge of infections, followed by the reimposition of lockdowns in Greater Santiago and other municipalities. These measures have decelerated the virus spread with<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>estimated at ~0.96 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.98) as of November 2<jats:sup>nd</jats:sup>, 2020. The early sub-exponential growth trend (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>~0.8) of the COVID-19 epidemic transformed into a linear growth trend (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>~0.5) as of July 7<jats:sup>th</jats:sup>, 2020, after the reimposition of lockdowns. While the broad scale social distancing interventions have slowed the virus spread, the number of new COVID-19 cases continue to accrue, underscoring the need for persistent social distancing and active case detection and isolation efforts to maintain the epidemic under control.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 45 1
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Visión crítica de la modelación del efecto de propofol
(2019)
Pablo Sepúlveda
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M.C. Demaría
Scopus© Citations 6 1
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Clinical Predictive Model of Multidrug Resistance in Neutropenic Cancer Patients with Bloodstream Infection Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2020)
C. Gudiol
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A. Albasanz-Puig
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J. Laporte-Amargós
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N. Pallarès
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A. Mussetti
<jats:p> We aimed to assess the rate and predictive factors of bloodstream infection (BSI) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</jats:named-content> in neutropenic cancer patients. We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study including oncohematological neutropenic patients with BSI due to <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">P. aeruginosa</jats:named-content> conducted across 34 centers in 12 countries from January 2006 to May 2018. A mixed logistic regression model was used to estimate a model to predict the multidrug resistance of the causative pathogens. </jats:p>
4 1Scopus© Citations 60

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