Universidad del Desarrollo

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Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Violence: Child Abuse, Attitudes, Impulsivity, Reactive and Proactive Aggression; Automatic or Complex Processes?
(Wiley, 2024-12-11)
SÁNCHEZ SOTO, PAULINA ALEJANDRA
;
VARELA TORRES, JORGE JAVIER
;
CERIC GARRIDO, FRANCISCO JOSE
;
Ana Rita Cruz
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent dating violence (ADV) research has neglected the environmental factors at play in contexts of perpetration. This study, conducted in Chile, investigated the socio‐cognitive processes inherent to the relationship between child abuse and ADV perpetration by examining the association between child abuse, impulsivity, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, attitudes that rationalize or justify ADV, and actual ADV perpetration. Data were collected from 655 adolescents using self‐reported measures of child abuse, impulsivity, reactive and proactive aggression, attitudes justifying ADV, and ADV perpetration using structural equation modeling. Having experienced child abuse predicted higher levels of impulsivity, which in turn predicted higher levels of aggressive traits, both for reactive and proactive aggression. Proactive aggression predicted higher levels of ADV perpetration, whereas reactive aggression did not. While we did not find that child abuse predicted a greater propensity for ADV, nor that such a disposition indicated a higher level of proactive aggression by influencing ADV perpetration, we did find that a positive attitude toward ADV predicted a higher frequency of ADV perpetration. Our results suggest that the socio‐cognitive process underlying ADV involves automatic and complex processes stemming from child abuse, thus linking environmental and individual factors.</jats:p>
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Clinicians’ preferences and attitudes towards the use of lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders around the world: a survey from the ISBD Lithium task force
(2023-12-01)
Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego
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Mantingh, Tim
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Pérez de Mendiola, Xavier
;
Samalin, Ludovic
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UNDURRAGA FOURCADE, JUAN PABLO
Background: Lithium has long been considered the gold-standard pharmacological treatment for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders (BD) which is supported by a wide body of evidence. Prior research has shown a steady decline in lithium prescriptions during the last two decades. We aim to identify potential factors explaining this decline across the world with an anonymous worldwide survey developed by theInternational Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force “Role of Lithium in Bipolar Disorders” anddistributed by diverse academic and professional international channels. Results: A total of 886 responses were received of which 606 completed the entirequestionnaire while 206 completed it partially. Respondents were from 43 different countries comprising allcontinents. Lithium was the most preferred treatment option for the maintenance of BD patients (59%). The mostrelevant clinical circumstances in which lithium was the preferred option were in patients with BD I (53%), afamily history of response (18%), and a prior response during acute treatment (17%). In contrast, Lithium wasnot the preferred option in case of patients´ negative beliefs and/or attitudes towards lithium (13%), acuteside-effects or tolerability problems (10%) and intoxication risk (8%). Clinicians were less likely to preferlithium as a first option in BD maintenance phase when practising in developing economy countries [X2 (1,N = 430) = 9465, p = 0.002)] and private sectors [X2 (1, N = 434) = 8191, p = 0.004)]. Conclusions: Clinicians’ preferences and attitudes towards the use of lithium in the maintenancetreatment of bipolar disorders appear to be affected by both the patients’ beliefs and the professionalcontexts where clinicians provide their services. More research involving patients is needed for identifyingtheir attitudes toward lithium and factors affecting its use, particularly in developing economies.
Scopus© Citations 28 1
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Orthopedic surgery residents’ perception of online education in their programs during the COVID-19 pandemic: should it be maintained after the crisis?
(2020)
FIGUEROA BERRIOS, FRANCISCO JAVIER
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FIGUEROA POBLETE, DAVID HUMBERTO
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Rafael Calvo-Mena
;
Felipe Narvaez
;
Natalia Medina
Scopus© Citations 55 1
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School Attachment and Violent Attitudes Preventing Future Violent Behavior Among Youth
(2018)
VARELA TORRES, JORGE JAVIER
;
Marc A. Zimmerman
;
Allison M. Ryan
;
Sarah A. Stoddard
;
Justin E. Heinze
<jats:p> Evidence derived from social information theories support the existence of different underlying cognitive mechanisms guiding violent behavior through life. However, a few studies have examined the contribution of school variables to those cognitive mechanisms, which may help explain violent behavior later in life. The present study examines the relationship between school attachment, violent attitudes, and violent behavior over time in a sample of urban adolescents from the U.S. Midwest. We evaluated the influence of school attachment on violent attitudes and subsequent violent behavior. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypothesis in a sample of 579 participants (54.9% female, 81.3% African American). After controlling for gender and race, our results indicated that the relationship between school attachment and violent behavior over time is mediated by violent attitudes. The instrumentalization of the school context as a learning environment aiming to prevent future violent behavior is also discussed. </jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 20 2
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Mano a Mano for Health Professions Students in Chile: A Pilot HIV Prevention Program
(2015)
Lilian Ferrer
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MARGARITA MARIA BERNALES SILVA
;
Rosina Cianelli
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
;
Ximena Triviño
18Scopus© Citations 1

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