Project Title
Water Research center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM)
Partner Organisations
Internal ID
15130015
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Type
basic research

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    A new method to map groundwater-dependent ecosystem zones in semi-arid environments: A case study in Chile
    (2022)
    Iongel Duran-Llacer
    ;
    José Luis Arumí
    ;
    Loretto Arriagada
    ;
    Mauricio Aguayo
    ;
    Octavio Rojas
      3Scopus© Citations 54
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      9
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    Use of humic substances in froth flotation processes
    (2019)
    Lorenzo Reyes-Bozo
    ;
    Eduardo Vyhmeister
    ;
    GODOY FAUNDEZ, ALEX ORIEL  
    ;
    Pablo Higueras
    ;
    Carlos Fúnez-Guerra
      45Scopus© Citations 6
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    Comparing Methods for the Regionalization of Intensity−Duration−Frequency (IDF) Curve Parameters in Sparsely-Gauged and Ungauged Areas of Central Chile
    (2023)
    Claudia Sangüesa
    ;
    Roberto Pizarro
    ;
    Ben Ingram
    ;
    Alfredo Ibáñez
    ;
    RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS  
    <jats:p>Estimating intensity−duration−frequency (IDF) curves requires local historical information of precipitation intensity. When such information is unavailable, as in areas without rain gauges, it is necessary to consider other methods to estimate curve parameters. In this study, three methods were explored to estimate IDF curves in ungauged areas: Kriging (KG), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and Storm Index (SI). To test the viability of these methods, historical data collected from 31 rain gauges distributed in central Chile, 35° S to 38° S, are used. As a result of the reduced number of rain gauges to evaluate the performance of each method, we used LOOCV (Leaving One Out Cross Validation). The results indicate that KG was limited due to the sparse distribution of rain gauges in central Chile. SI (a linear scaling method) showed the smallest prediction error in all of the ungauged locations, and outperformed both KG and IDW. However, the SI method does not provide estimates of uncertainty, as is possible with KG. The simplicity of SI renders it a viable method for extrapolating IDF curves to locations without data in the central zone of Chile.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 9  3
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    Scopus© Citations 28  1
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    Water Resources and Governance Approaches: Insights for Achieving Water Security
    (2021)
    Natalia Julio
    ;
    Ricardo Figueroa
    ;
    PONCE OLIVA, ROBERTO DANIEL  
    Integrated river basin management (IRBM) has been proposed as a means to achieve water security (WS), maximizing economic and social well-being in an equitable manner and maintaining ecosystem sustainability. IRBM is regulated by a governance process that benefits the participation of different actors and institutions; however, it has been difficult to reach a consensus on what good governance means and which governance perspective is better for achieving it. In this paper, we explore the concept of “good water governance” through the analysis of different governance approaches: experimental (EG), corporate (CG), polycentric (PG), metagovernance (MG) and adaptive (AG) governances. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) water governance dimensions (effectiveness, efficiency and trust and engagement) as a “good enough water governance” that regards water governance as a process rather than an end in itself. Results indicate that each of the five governance theories presents challenges and opportunities to achieve a good governance process that can be operationalized through IRBM, and we found that these approaches can be adequately integrated if they are combined to overcome the challenges that their exclusive application implies. Our analysis suggests that a combination of AG and MG encompasses the OECD water governance dimensions, in terms of understanding “good enough water governance” as a process and a means to perform IRBM. In order to advance towards WS, the integration of different governance approaches must consider the context-specific nature of the river basin, in relation to its ecologic responses and socioeconomic characteristics.
    Scopus© Citations 35  1
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    Comparison of Three Daily Rainfall-Runoff Hydrological Models Using Four Evapotranspiration Models in Four Small Forested Watersheds with Different Land Cover in South-Central Chile
    (2021)
    Neftali Flores
    ;
    Rolando Rodríguez
    ;
    Santiago Yépez
    ;
    Victor Osores
    ;
    Pedro Rau
    We used the lumped rainfall–runoff hydrologic models Génie Rural à 4, 5, 6 paramètres Journalier (GR4J, GR5J and GR6J) to evaluate the most robust model for simulating discharge on four forested small catchments (&lt;40 ha) in south-central Chile. Different evapotranspiration methods were evaluated: Oudin, Hargreaves–Samani and Priestley–Taylor. Oudin’s model allows the achievement of the highest efficiencies in the flow simulation. The more sensitive parameters for each model were identified through a Generalized Probability Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) model. Our results demonstrate that the three hydrological models were capable of efficiently simulating flow in the four study catchments. However, the GR6J model obtained the most satisfactory results in terms of simulated to measured streamflow closeness. In general, the three models tended to underestimate peak flow, as well as underestimate and overestimate flow events in most of the in situ observations, according to the probability of non-exceedance. We also evaluated the models’ performance in a simulation of summer discharge due to the importance of downstream water supply in the months of greatest scarcity. Again, we found that GR6J obtained the most efficient simulations.
      4  1Scopus© Citations 33
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    Force Measurement with a Strain Gauge Subjected to Pure Bending in the Fluid–Wall Interaction of Open Water Channels
    (2022)
    Luis Santana
    ;
    RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS  
    ;
    Eric Forcael
    An experimental method to measure forces of small magnitude with a strain gauge as a force sensor in the fluid–wall interaction of open water channels is presented. Six uniaxial strain gauges were employed for this purpose, which were embedded across the entire sensing area and subjected to pure bending, employing two-point bending tests. Sixteen two-point bending tests were performed to determine the existence of a direct relationship between the load and the instrument signal. Furthermore, a regression analysis was used to estimate the parameters of the model. A data acquisition system was developed to register the behavior of the strain gauge relative to the lateral displacement induced by the loading nose of the universal testing machine. The results showed a significant linear relationship between the load and the instrumental signal, provided that the strain gauge was embedded between 30% and 45% of the central axis in the sensing area of the sensor (R2 &gt; 0.99). Thus, the proposed sensor can be employed to measure forces of small magnitude. Additionally, the linear relationship between the load and the instrumental signal can be used as a calibration equation, provided that the strain gauge is embedded close to the central axis of the sensing area.
      1  2Scopus© Citations 5
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      3Scopus© Citations 7
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    Scopus© Citations 6  1