Functional Capacity in Activities of Daily Living in the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum

Journal
Alzheimer's & Dementia
ISSN
1552-5260
Date Issued
2024-12
Author(s)
Carmen Dominguez
Fabrissio Grandi
Cecilia Gonzalez Campo
Patricio Riquelme Contreras
Patricia Lillo
David Martínez‐Pernía
Daniela Thumala
Rodrigo Henriquez
Francisco Aboitiz
Type
journal-article
DOI
URL
Abstract
The most common and prevalent dementia worldwide is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a continuum composed of Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s Disease dementia (ADD) stage. One of the main clinical variables in patients with dementia is performance in functional capacity since its alterations are associated with poor prognosis and disease progression. Functional capacity is measured through activities of daily living (ADL), which are divided into three domains: i) Basic (BADL), ii) Instrumental (IADL), and iii) Advanced (AADL). The study aimed to characterize the performance of the different stages of the AD continuum in the ADL domains and their association with cognitive abilities.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>A cross‐sectional study of subjects at different stages of the AD continuum was conducted: Healthy Controls (CTR) (n = 17), SCD (n = 77), MCI (n = 30), and ADD (n = 23), who were matched for age, sex, and education. ADLs were estimated using The Technology‐Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (T‐ADLQ), which assesses the three domains and a total score. T‐ADLQ performance was compared across groups and correlated with cognitive ability instruments (ACE‐III and IFS).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result</jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that patients with ADD performed worse on the BADL, IADL, and total ADLs compared to the other three groups. There were no significant differences between the CTR, SCD, and MCI on the BADL, IADL, and total ADLs. However, the AADL, in addition to differentiating the ADD patients from the other three groups, also showed differences between CTR and MCI subjects and between SCD and MCI subjects (Table 1 and Figure 1). The correlation study showed that AADL correlated significantly with global cognitive and executive function assessment (Figure 2).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>AADL shows progressive functional impairment at different stages of the AD continuum, which is further associated with global cognitive and executive function performances. As one progresses to a more advanced stage of the disease continuum, the performance of ADLs, especially AADLs, worsens, which could indicate a marker of disease progression, allowing for better patient follow‐up.
Subjects
activities of daily living

; 

aged

; 

aged, 80 and over

; 

alzheimer disease

; 

cognitive dysfunction

; 

cross-sectional studies

; 

disease progression

; 

female

; 

humans

; 

male

; 

neuropsychological tests

; 

aged

; 

alzheimer disease

; 

cognitive defect

; 

cross-sectional study

; 

daily life activity

; 

disease exacerbation

; 

female

; 

human

; 

male

; 

neuropsychological assessment

; 

pathophysiology

; 

psychology

; 

very elderly