Latin American Consensus Statement for the Use of Contrast-Enhanced Transcranial Ultrasound as a Diagnostic Test for Detection of Right-to-Left Shunt
Journal
Cerebrovascular Diseases
ISSN
1015-9770
1421-9786
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Viviane Flumignan Zetola
Marcos Christiano Lange
Valeria Cristina Scavasine
Rodrigo Bazan
Gabriel Pereira Braga
Ana Claudia C.B. Leite
Soraia R. Cabette Fabio
Octavio Marques Pontes Neto
Carla Heloisa Cabral Moro
Gisele Sampaio
Edson Bor-Seng Shu
Marcelo de Lima Oliveira
Maramelia A. de Miranda Alves
Daniela Laranja Gomes
Pedro Antonio Pereira de Jesus
Jamary Oliveira-Filho
Wagner Mauad Avelar
Gabriel R. de Freitas
Rafael Borsoi
Corina Puppo
Silvia Viviana Cocorullo
Ayrton Massaro
Natan M. Bornstein
Alexander Razumovsky
Massimo Del Sette
Type
Resource Types::text::journal::journal article
Abstract
<jats:p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The role of patent foramen ovale is a field of debate and current publications have increasing controversies about the patients’ management in young undetermined stroke. Work up with echocardiography and transcranial Doppler (TCD) can aid the decision with better anatomical and functional characterization of right-to-left shunt (RLS). Medical and interventional strategy may benefit from this information. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> a group of experts from the Latin American participants of the Neurosonology Research Group (NSRG) of World Federation of Neurology created a task force to review literature and describe the better methodology of contrast TCD (c-TCD). All signatories of the present consensus statement have published at least one study on TCD as an author or co-author in an indexed journal. Two meetings were held while the consensus statement was being drafted, during which controversial issues were discussed and voted on by the statement signatories. The statement paper was reviewed and approved by the Executive Committee of the NSRG of the World Federation of Neurology. The main objective of this consensus statement is to establish a standardization of the c-TCD technique and its interpretation, in order to improve the informative quality of the method, resulting in expanding the application of TCD in the clinical setting. These recommendations optimize the comparison of different diagnostic methods and encourage the use of c-TCD for RLS screening and complementary diagnosis in multicenter studies.</jats:p>
Subjects
transcranial doppler
;
contrast-transcranial doppler
;
patent foramen ovale
;
right to left shunt
;
statement
;
cerebrovascular circulation
;
consensus
;
contrast media
;
foramen ovale, patent
;
humans
;
predictive value of tests
;
risk factors
;
stroke
;
ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial
;
contrast medium
;
antithrombotic activity
;
atherosclerosis
;
cerebrovascular accident
;
contrast-enhanced ultrasound
;
diagnostic test
;
heart atrium septum defect
;
heart right left shunt
;
hemodynamics
;
human
;
low risk patient
;
microembolism
;
middle cerebral artery
;
paradoxical embolism
;
priority journal
;
review
;
risk assessment
;
sensitivity and specificity
;
transesophageal echocardiography
;
transthoracic echocardiography
;
valsalva maneuver
;
brain circulation
;
cerebrovascular accident
;
complication
;
consensus
;
consensus development
;
diagnostic imaging
;
patent foramen ovale
;
pathophysiology
;
practice guideline
;
predictive value
;
risk factor
;
transcranial doppler ultrasonography