Project Title
Exploring working memory mechanisms with transcranial magnetic stimulation: a study based on musical training as a model of natural working memory entraiment
Internal ID
3190914
Principal Investigator
LEONIE MARGARITA KAUSEL KAMP
Type
basic research
Status
TERMINADO
Start Date
March 15, 2019
End Date
September 30, 2022

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    Scopus© Citations 13  2
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    Theta and alpha oscillations may underlie improved attention and working memory in musically trained children
    (2024)
    F. Zamorano
    ;
    Leonie Kausel
    ;
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    ;
    M. E. Sutherland
    ;
    M. I. Alliende
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction</jats:bold>: Attention and working memory are key cognitive functions that allow us to select and maintain information in our mind for a short time, being essential for our daily life and, in particular, for learning and academic performance. It has been shown that musical training can improve working memory performance, but it is still unclear if and how the neural mechanisms of working memory and particularly attention are implicated in this process. In this work, we aimed to identify the oscillatory signature of bimodal attention and working memory that contributes to improved working memory in musically trained children.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods</jats:bold>: We recruited children with and without musical training and asked them to complete a bimodal (auditory/visual) attention and working memory task, whereas their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography. Behavioral, time–frequency, and source reconstruction analyses were made.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results</jats:bold>: Results showed that, overall, musically trained children performed better on the task than children without musical training. When comparing musically trained children with children without musical training, we found modulations in the alpha band pre‐stimuli onset and the beginning of stimuli onset in the frontal and parietal regions. These correlated with correct responses to the attended modality. Moreover, during the end phase of stimuli presentation, we found modulations correlating with correct responses independent of attention condition in the theta and alpha bands, in the left frontal and right parietal regions.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions</jats:bold>: These results suggest that musically trained children have improved neuronal mechanisms for both attention allocation and memory encoding. Our results can be important for developing interventions for people with attention and working memory difficulties.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 2  9
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    Selective Attention and Inhibitory Control of Attention Are Correlated With Music Audiation
    (2020)
    Noemí Grinspun
    ;
    Luc Nijs
    ;
    Leonie Kausel
    ;
    Kelsey Onderdijk
    ;
    Nicolás Sepúlveda
      2Scopus© Citations 14
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    Conceptualization, Tasks and Neurobiological Correlates of Self-Regulation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2015-2020)
    (2022)
    LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA  
    ;
    Francisca Mardones
    ;
    Elisa Ansoleaga
    ;
    Leonie Kausel
    <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background:</jats:title> <jats:p>Self-regulation is a complex capacity that favors the modification of behavior in accordance with environmental demands.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>This article aims to review the scientific literature that conceptualizes self-regulation, analyze its potential latent dimensions, identify the instruments used to measure this construct and the empirical findings associated with its neurobiological correlates.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>A systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2015 and 2020. We include 29 empirical studies on children and adolescents self-regulatory capacity after combining the words self-regulation with cognition, brain and neurosciences.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>Most of the articles included are from North America. A PICOS analysis was performed to increase understanding of self-regulatory capacity. Two dimensions of self-regulation are identified, contributing to a more global conceptualization of the concept of self-regulation; A cognitive dimension associated with executive functions, effortful control and inhibitory control, among others, and a dimension associated with personality, including traits such as irritability, impulsivity, openness and hyperactivity. Next, the instruments used to measure self-regulation are described, followed by a report of the important neurobiological findings, specifically, activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>Self-regulatory capacity is associated with a complex functioning that favors adaptive behavior and has neurobiological correlates.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 2  7