Project Title
Estudio de Sero Epidemiologia y Plataforma de información territorial de la infección por SARS-COV 2 en tres ciudades chilenas
Partner Organisations
Internal ID
COVID0589
Principal Investigator
Type
applied research
Status
TERMINADO
Start Date
July 1, 2020
End Date
June 30, 2021
Keywords

COVID

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    Item type:Publication,
    Seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and social determinants of SARS-CoV-2 in three urban centers of Chile
    (2022)
    VIAL CLARO, PABLO AGUSTIN  
    ;
    GONZALEZ WIEDMAIER, CLAUDIA MARTA  
    ;
    Gloria Icaza
    ;
    Muriel Ramirez-Santana
    ;
    Rubén Quezada-Gaete
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Seroprevalence studies provide an accurate measure of SARS-CoV-2 spread and the presence of asymptomatic cases. They also provide information on the uneven impact of the pandemic, pointing out vulnerable groups to prioritize which is particularly relevant in unequal societies. However, due to their high cost, they provide limited evidence of spatial spread of the pandemic specially in unequal societies. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Chile and model its spatial risk distribution.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>During Oct–Nov 2020, we conducted a population-based serosurvey in Santiago, Talca, and Coquimbo–La Serena (2493 individuals). We explored the individual association between positive results and socio-economic and health-related variables by logistic regression for complex surveys. Then, using an Empirical Bayesian Kriging model, we estimated the infection risk spatial distribution using individual and census information, and compared these results with official records.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Seroprevalence was 10.4% (95% CI 7.8–13.7%), ranging from 2% (Talca) to 11% (Santiago), almost three times the number officially reported. Approximately 36% of these were asymptomatic, reaching 82% below 15 years old. Seroprevalence was associated with the city of residence, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, contact with confirmed cases (especially at household), and foreign nationality. The spatial model accurately interpolated the distribution of disease risk within the cities finding significant differences in the predicted probabilities of SARS-CoV-2 infection by census zone (IQR 2.5–15.0%), related to population density and education.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Our results underscore the transmission heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 within and across three urban centers of Chile. Socio-economic factors and the outcomes of this seroprevalence study enable us to identify priority areas for intervention. Our methodological approach and results can help guide the design of interdisciplinary strategies for urban contexts, not only for SARS-CoV-2 but also for other communicable diseases.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 11  1
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    Item type:Publication,
    Preventive behaviors for COVID-19 in Chile: Lessons from a population follow-up for 2021 and 2022
    (2024)
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
    ;
    Loreto Núñez-Franz
    ;
    APABLAZA SALINAS, MAURICIO IVÁN  
    ;
    Muriel Ramírez-Santana
    ;
    Xaviera Molina
    <jats:p>Introduction The rapid emergence of COVID-19 urged policy responses worldwide, focusing on vaccination and mobility restrictions. Chile represents a unique scenario for analyzing personal preventive measures amid intensive communication and vaccination campaigns. This study aims to explore changes in population adherence to non-pharmacological preventive measures during the pandemic and the factors that explain this adherence each year. Methods 386 individuals who participated in two population-based studies (2021 and 2022) were considered. An interview was conducted to measure adherence to self-care practices, and case and contact tracing by the health authorities. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to measure change between 2021 and 2022, bivariate analysis, and a linear regression model for each year were performed. Results Mask-wearing in public places was the most commonly used measure (95.9% in 2021, 89.9% in 2022). Follow-up of cases and cases contacts by the health authority had high coverage in 2021 (94.3% and 83% respectively). A greater decrease was observed in contact tracing in 2022 totaling 33.3%. An increase in the score of adherence to preventive practices was observed in 2022 (p &lt; 0.00). The regression model showed in 2021 that women were more likely to adopt preventive behaviors (95% confidence interval: 0.27 to 1.13) and the overweight/obese had higher adherence compared to normal body mass index (95% confidence interval: 0.06 to 0.98). In 2022 being a young adult (30 to 49 years) predicted the adoption of behavioral precautions (95% confidence interval: 0.00 to 1.32). Conclusions Adherence to preventive measures increased even with high vaccination coverage, likely due to the epidemiological situation with the Omicron variant circulating in 2022.</jats:p>
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